133
for a review). Bozec et  al. (2016) discussed the trade-off
between fisheries harvest and the resilience of coral reefs
concluding that reefs will only remain resilient if <10% of
parrotfish (>30  cm  in length) are harvested. Highlighting
harvesting once more, the clear-cutting and fragmentation of
mangroves reduces nursery areas, and increases the migration distance to reefs and thereby further threatening parrotfish populations. In the Caribbean, the combination of
Fig. 4 The grey snapper uses many habitats throughout its life. Open water, mangroves, seagrass and coral reefs are important for the growth and
survival during different stages of this fish. Art by Ryan Kleiner. (Reproduced from www.piscoweb.org, with permission from Kristen Milligan)
Fig. 5 The lifecycle of a
penaeid prawn involves
several habitats within the
tropical seascape.
(Reproduced from www.
csiropedia.csiro.au, with
permission from Pamela
Tyres)
For a World Without Boundaries: Connectivity Between Marine Tropical Ecosystems in Times of Change