251
Multi-level
challenges , 12 , 98
governance , 12 , 240
regulation , 12
Multi-sector
challenges , 5–7 , 11–13
governance , 6 , 11 , 12 , 240 , 241
N
National implementation program (NIP) ,
29 , 31
NEST model , 35
News media , 208 , 209 , 212 , 218–220 , 223
Nitrates Directive (ND) , 27 , 155 , 182
Nitrogen , 2 , 22 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 188
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) , 25 ,
26 , 29 , 35 , 48 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 62 ,
64 , 66 , 74 , 90 , 102 , 131 , 150 , 153 ,
154 , 156 , 161–163 , 175 , 181 , 187 ,
191 , 193 , 213–217 , 219 , 220 ,
222–224 , 244
environmental , 25 , 62 , 156 , 193 , 215 , 219 ,
222–224
Non-indigenous species , 81
targeted monitoring , 79
Non-linear , 24
No-Special-Fee system , 13 , 139–144 , 186 , 192
Nutrients , 2 , 3 , 22–24 , 27–38 , 188 , 189 , 195
reductions , 32 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 188 , 189 , 222
O
octaBDE , 109 , 110
Oil
discharges , 2–4 , 11 , 13 , 174 , 185 , 186 ,
192 , 193 , 208
pollution
accidental , 13 , 127 , 129 , 131
cleaning tanks , 139 , 140 , 142 , 185
intentional , 126 , 137–139 , 185 , 219
transportation , 125 , 127 , 130 , 131 , 134 ,
185 , 193 , 195 , 196 , 215
Organisational structures , 14 , 168 , 174 , 177 ,
180–186 , 193 , 197 , 222 , 223
Organohalogens , 13 , 105 , 108 , 110 ,
111 , 117
OSPAR . See Commission for protecting and
conserving the North-East Atlantic
and its resources (OSPAR)
Otters , 103
Overfi shing , 3 , 4 , 11 , 13 , 22 , 24 , 46–48 , 59 ,
61–63 , 74 , 77 , 86 , 89–91 , 151 ,
160 , 161 , 164 , 188 , 208 ,
213–220 , 222
P
Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) ,
135 , 136
Participation , 2 , 4–6 , 9–10 , 12 , 13 , 29 , 31 , 49 ,
62 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 87 , 144 , 150 , 155 ,
156 , 163 , 166 , 168 , 180 , 186 , 189 ,
193 , 195 , 198 , 207 , 210–212 , 215 ,
217 , 218 , 221 , 224
Path dependency , 7 , 158 , 165–167 , 195
PentaBDE , 109 , 110
Perfl uorinated substances , 111 , 115
Perfl uoroalkylated substances (PFAS) , 112
Perfl uorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) , 111–116
Perfl uorooctanoic acid (PFOA) , 111–115
Persistent , 103 , 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 179 , 191
Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) , 112
Phosphorus , 2 , 22 , 24 , 29 , 35 , 188 , 189
Point-sources , 98
Poland , 7 , 75 , 102 , 107 , 153–155
Polluter-oriented approach , 98 , 100 , 102 , 107
Polluter pays , 235 , 240
Pollution , 4 , 9 , 27 , 28 , 47 , 48 , 77 , 79 , 89 , 98 ,
101 , 105 , 106 , 110 , 125–145 ,
155 , 185
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ,
99 , 108–111 , 115
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ,
99 , 102–111 , 114
Port State Control , 13 , 126 , 133 , 135 , 141 ,
144 , 145 , 186
Post-normal science , 179
Precaution , 4 , 103 , 115 , 116 , 168 , 190 , 196 , 213
Precautionary
approach , 31 , 34 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 86 , 111 ,
187 , 190 , 194 , 195 , 198 , 234
default values , 234 , 239 , 242
principle , 34 , 65 , 79 , 80 , 99–101 , 104 , 107 ,
116 , 159 , 191
Priority Substance Directive (PSD) ,
104 , 109 , 113
Public
discourse , 10 , 210 , 212 , 220 , 221
opinion , 207
participation , 63 , 210 , 211 , 217 , 218 ,
221 , 224
sphere , 211–213 , 224
R
Ravetz, J.R. , 179
Recreation , 126 , 127 , 152 , 230
Refl exive governance , 14 , 151 , 152 , 156–159 ,
162 , 164–167 , 207 , 208 , 240 , 241
Refl exivity , 5 , 149–169
Regime shift , 2 , 23 , 188
Index
Multi-level
challenges , 12 , 98
governance , 12 , 240
regulation , 12
Multi-sector
challenges , 5–7 , 11–13
governance , 6 , 11 , 12 , 240 , 241
N
National implementation program (NIP) ,
29 , 31
NEST model , 35
News media , 208 , 209 , 212 , 218–220 , 223
Nitrates Directive (ND) , 27 , 155 , 182
Nitrogen , 2 , 22 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 188
Non-governmental organisation (NGO) , 25 ,
26 , 29 , 35 , 48 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 62 ,
64 , 66 , 74 , 90 , 102 , 131 , 150 , 153 ,
154 , 156 , 161–163 , 175 , 181 , 187 ,
191 , 193 , 213–217 , 219 , 220 ,
222–224 , 244
environmental , 25 , 62 , 156 , 193 , 215 , 219 ,
222–224
Non-indigenous species , 81
targeted monitoring , 79
Non-linear , 24
No-Special-Fee system , 13 , 139–144 , 186 , 192
Nutrients , 2 , 3 , 22–24 , 27–38 , 188 , 189 , 195
reductions , 32 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 188 , 189 , 222
O
octaBDE , 109 , 110
Oil
discharges , 2–4 , 11 , 13 , 174 , 185 , 186 ,
192 , 193 , 208
pollution
accidental , 13 , 127 , 129 , 131
cleaning tanks , 139 , 140 , 142 , 185
intentional , 126 , 137–139 , 185 , 219
transportation , 125 , 127 , 130 , 131 , 134 ,
185 , 193 , 195 , 196 , 215
Organisational structures , 14 , 168 , 174 , 177 ,
180–186 , 193 , 197 , 222 , 223
Organohalogens , 13 , 105 , 108 , 110 ,
111 , 117
OSPAR . See Commission for protecting and
conserving the North-East Atlantic
and its resources (OSPAR)
Otters , 103
Overfi shing , 3 , 4 , 11 , 13 , 22 , 24 , 46–48 , 59 ,
61–63 , 74 , 77 , 86 , 89–91 , 151 ,
160 , 161 , 164 , 188 , 208 ,
213–220 , 222
P
Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) ,
135 , 136
Participation , 2 , 4–6 , 9–10 , 12 , 13 , 29 , 31 , 49 ,
62 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 87 , 144 , 150 , 155 ,
156 , 163 , 166 , 168 , 180 , 186 , 189 ,
193 , 195 , 198 , 207 , 210–212 , 215 ,
217 , 218 , 221 , 224
Path dependency , 7 , 158 , 165–167 , 195
PentaBDE , 109 , 110
Perfl uorinated substances , 111 , 115
Perfl uoroalkylated substances (PFAS) , 112
Perfl uorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) , 111–116
Perfl uorooctanoic acid (PFOA) , 111–115
Persistent , 103 , 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 179 , 191
Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) , 112
Phosphorus , 2 , 22 , 24 , 29 , 35 , 188 , 189
Point-sources , 98
Poland , 7 , 75 , 102 , 107 , 153–155
Polluter-oriented approach , 98 , 100 , 102 , 107
Polluter pays , 235 , 240
Pollution , 4 , 9 , 27 , 28 , 47 , 48 , 77 , 79 , 89 , 98 ,
101 , 105 , 106 , 110 , 125–145 ,
155 , 185
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ,
99 , 108–111 , 115
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ,
99 , 102–111 , 114
Port State Control , 13 , 126 , 133 , 135 , 141 ,
144 , 145 , 186
Post-normal science , 179
Precaution , 4 , 103 , 115 , 116 , 168 , 190 , 196 , 213
Precautionary
approach , 31 , 34 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 86 , 111 ,
187 , 190 , 194 , 195 , 198 , 234
default values , 234 , 239 , 242
principle , 34 , 65 , 79 , 80 , 99–101 , 104 , 107 ,
116 , 159 , 191
Priority Substance Directive (PSD) ,
104 , 109 , 113
Public
discourse , 10 , 210 , 212 , 220 , 221
opinion , 207
participation , 63 , 210 , 211 , 217 , 218 ,
221 , 224
sphere , 211–213 , 224
R
Ravetz, J.R. , 179
Recreation , 126 , 127 , 152 , 230
Refl exive governance , 14 , 151 , 152 , 156–159 ,
162 , 164–167 , 207 , 208 , 240 , 241
Refl exivity , 5 , 149–169
Regime shift , 2 , 23 , 188
Index