245
the proposed international ‘Baltic Sea Policy Review Mechanism’ that can be
formed by cross-body and cross-stakeholder participation. Whether or not this specifi c proposal will be realised is less important than the need for fundamental
reforms based on the functions and ideas discussed here and in the other chapters of
this book if improved environmental governance of the Baltic Sea is to be realised.
Acknowledgements This chapter is based on research undertaken within the research projects
RISKGOV ‘Environmental Risk Governance of the Baltic Sea’ (2009–2015) and COOP
‘Cooperating for Sustainable Regional Marine Governance’. RISKGOV involved research teams
from Södertörn University in Sweden, Åbo Akademi University in Finland, Dialogik/Stuttgart
University in Germany and Gdansk University in Poland. Funding came from the Foundation for
Baltic and East European Studies and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme
(2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 217246 made with the joint Baltic Sea research and development programme BONUS, as well as from the German Federal Ministry of Education and
Research (BMBF), the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Swedish Research Council
FORMAS, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Academy of Finland. We
thank these institutions for enabling us to conduct this research. We also thank all participants in
the research programmes for providing valuable input.
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNoncommercial 2.5 License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ ) which permits any
noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s)
and source are credited.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the work’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included
in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory
regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or
reproduce the material.
References
Baltic Stern, SWAM (Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management) (2013) The Baltic
Sea – our common treasure. Economics of saving the sea. Rapport 2013:4, SWAM
Boström M, Grönholm S, Hassler B (2016) The ecosystem approach to management in Baltic Sea
governance: towards increased refl exivity? In: Gilek M et al (eds) Environmental governance
of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Dordrecht
Cooney R, Dickson B (eds) (2005) Biodiversity and the precautionary principle. Risk and uncertainty in conservation and sustainable use. Earthscan, London
Dreyer M, Sellke P (2015) The Regional Advisory Councils in European fi sheries: an appropriate
approach to stakeholder involvement in an EU integrated marine governance? In: Gilek M,
Kern K (eds) Governing Europe’s marine environment. Europeanization of regional seas or
regionalization of EU policies? Ashgate Publishing, Farnham
EU (2014) Regulation (EU) 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. OJ L
317:35–55
Funtowicz S, Ravetz JR (1993) Science for the post-normal age. Futures 25:739–755
Gilek M, Hassler B, Jentoft S (2015a) Marine governance in Europe: problems and opportunities.
In: Gilek M, Kern K (eds) Governing Europe’s marine environment. Europeanization of
regional seas or regionalization of EU policies? Ashgate Publishing, Farnham
10 Seeking Pathways Towards Improved Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea
the proposed international ‘Baltic Sea Policy Review Mechanism’ that can be
formed by cross-body and cross-stakeholder participation. Whether or not this specifi c proposal will be realised is less important than the need for fundamental
reforms based on the functions and ideas discussed here and in the other chapters of
this book if improved environmental governance of the Baltic Sea is to be realised.
Acknowledgements This chapter is based on research undertaken within the research projects
RISKGOV ‘Environmental Risk Governance of the Baltic Sea’ (2009–2015) and COOP
‘Cooperating for Sustainable Regional Marine Governance’. RISKGOV involved research teams
from Södertörn University in Sweden, Åbo Akademi University in Finland, Dialogik/Stuttgart
University in Germany and Gdansk University in Poland. Funding came from the Foundation for
Baltic and East European Studies and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme
(2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 217246 made with the joint Baltic Sea research and development programme BONUS, as well as from the German Federal Ministry of Education and
Research (BMBF), the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Swedish Research Council
FORMAS, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Academy of Finland. We
thank these institutions for enabling us to conduct this research. We also thank all participants in
the research programmes for providing valuable input.
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNoncommercial 2.5 License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ ) which permits any
noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s)
and source are credited.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the work’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included
in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory
regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or
reproduce the material.
References
Baltic Stern, SWAM (Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management) (2013) The Baltic
Sea – our common treasure. Economics of saving the sea. Rapport 2013:4, SWAM
Boström M, Grönholm S, Hassler B (2016) The ecosystem approach to management in Baltic Sea
governance: towards increased refl exivity? In: Gilek M et al (eds) Environmental governance
of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Dordrecht
Cooney R, Dickson B (eds) (2005) Biodiversity and the precautionary principle. Risk and uncertainty in conservation and sustainable use. Earthscan, London
Dreyer M, Sellke P (2015) The Regional Advisory Councils in European fi sheries: an appropriate
approach to stakeholder involvement in an EU integrated marine governance? In: Gilek M,
Kern K (eds) Governing Europe’s marine environment. Europeanization of regional seas or
regionalization of EU policies? Ashgate Publishing, Farnham
EU (2014) Regulation (EU) 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. OJ L
317:35–55
Funtowicz S, Ravetz JR (1993) Science for the post-normal age. Futures 25:739–755
Gilek M, Hassler B, Jentoft S (2015a) Marine governance in Europe: problems and opportunities.
In: Gilek M, Kern K (eds) Governing Europe’s marine environment. Europeanization of
regional seas or regionalization of EU policies? Ashgate Publishing, Farnham
10 Seeking Pathways Towards Improved Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea