3
(Baltic Sea Action Plan) and by 2020 in the EU Marine Strategy Framework
Directive (MSFD) will be met (Gilek and Kern 2011 ; Gilek et al. 2013 ; Kern 2011 ).
Consequently, this volume concentrates on the question of how key societal
pressures and associated environmental risks (e.g. commercial fi shing and the associated risks of overfi shing , nutrient enrichment and eutrophication, shipping and oil
discharges or invasive alien species ) threatening the Baltic Sea environment are and
Fig. 1.1 The Baltic Sea region with its drainage basin and political borders (Modifi ed from the
GRID-Arendal Graphics Library, www.grida.no )
1 Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea: Identifying Key Challenges,…
(Baltic Sea Action Plan) and by 2020 in the EU Marine Strategy Framework
Directive (MSFD) will be met (Gilek and Kern 2011 ; Gilek et al. 2013 ; Kern 2011 ).
Consequently, this volume concentrates on the question of how key societal
pressures and associated environmental risks (e.g. commercial fi shing and the associated risks of overfi shing , nutrient enrichment and eutrophication, shipping and oil
discharges or invasive alien species ) threatening the Baltic Sea environment are and
Fig. 1.1 The Baltic Sea region with its drainage basin and political borders (Modifi ed from the
GRID-Arendal Graphics Library, www.grida.no )
1 Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea: Identifying Key Challenges,…