75
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 2018
K. Takeuchi et al. (eds.), Biofuels and Sustainability, Science for Sustainable
Societies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54895-9_7
Chapter 7
Land Use Change Impacts: National
and Regional Scales
Kiyotada Hayashi
7.1 Introduction
Growing demands for food and biofuels are causing deforestation in the tropics.
Although the rate of deforestation is decreasing, it is still high and problematic
(FAO 2010). Deforestation is mainly the transformation of tropical forest to agricultural land, and it causes environmental problems related to climate change, soil
carbon sequestration, ecosystem services, and biodiversity. Reducing tropical deforestation is an international priority especially for the production of Indonesian palm
oil and Brazilian soybean oil.
The purpose of this chapter is to perform land use impact assessment within the
framework of life cycle assessment (LCA). After observing recent trends in land use
change in Indonesia and Brazil, which are important countries in discussing the
transformation of tropical forest to agricultural land, land use impact assessment in
LCA is reviewed. Plant oils are used as an example to illustrate the importance of
land use change in LCA, and the framework for land use impact assessment within
LCA is presented. Then, case studies on palm oil production in Indonesia and
Malaysia are conducted with illustrating inter-temporal inequality between Europe
and Southeast Asia and regionalization of land use impact assessment.
K. Hayashi (*)
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute for Agro-Environmental
Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
e-mail: hayashi@affrc.go.jp
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 2018
K. Takeuchi et al. (eds.), Biofuels and Sustainability, Science for Sustainable
Societies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54895-9_7
Chapter 7
Land Use Change Impacts: National
and Regional Scales
Kiyotada Hayashi
7.1 Introduction
Growing demands for food and biofuels are causing deforestation in the tropics.
Although the rate of deforestation is decreasing, it is still high and problematic
(FAO 2010). Deforestation is mainly the transformation of tropical forest to agricultural land, and it causes environmental problems related to climate change, soil
carbon sequestration, ecosystem services, and biodiversity. Reducing tropical deforestation is an international priority especially for the production of Indonesian palm
oil and Brazilian soybean oil.
The purpose of this chapter is to perform land use impact assessment within the
framework of life cycle assessment (LCA). After observing recent trends in land use
change in Indonesia and Brazil, which are important countries in discussing the
transformation of tropical forest to agricultural land, land use impact assessment in
LCA is reviewed. Plant oils are used as an example to illustrate the importance of
land use change in LCA, and the framework for land use impact assessment within
LCA is presented. Then, case studies on palm oil production in Indonesia and
Malaysia are conducted with illustrating inter-temporal inequality between Europe
and Southeast Asia and regionalization of land use impact assessment.
K. Hayashi (*)
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute for Agro-Environmental
Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
e-mail: hayashi@affrc.go.jp