221
viable without subsidies by producing countries, with some exceptions. In addition,
in terms of absolute volume, biofuel production will remain relatively low comparing to fossil fuels, and large-scale substitution will be difficult in the short term.
Standards, indicators, and certification systems relating to sustainable biofuels are
being developed at various levels around the world. If these can be unified on an
international scale and if conformity with international trade rules can be maintained, biofuel sustainability has the potential to play substantial roles in, for example, realizing ambitious standards for reduction of CO 2 emissions.
Currently, as part of the broad trend toward a global, sustainable society, various
national- and international-level initiatives based on the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity are being undertaken, and at the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development (UNCSD,
RIO+20) to be held in 2012, one of the main agenda items for discussion will be a
“green economy.” As one element of renewable energy, biofuels are expected to
make a significant contribution to the green economy (UNEP 2011). In addition,
initiatives directed toward a sustainable planet will be in progress; 2014 will be the
tenth and final year of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development,
and in 2015 the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are due to be achieved.
At the same time, research is proceeding vigorously on the technological possibilities of manufacturing second-generation and more advanced biofuels and manufacturing biofuels from algae. In Japan, expectations of renewable energy are likely to
keep growing in the aftermath of the recent nuclear reactor crisis. In view of all this,
it is vital to keep formulating and implementing sustainable biofuel utilization strategies, linking them to local and national-level strategies, and taking into account the
survey results reported here.
Reference
Arai (2009) Shinichi Arai, impacts of increasing use of biofuels on water resources and atmospheric environment. J Environ Inf Sc 38(3):50–55. 2009 (in Japanese)
Bangun (2011) Derom Bengun, Sustainable Production on Palm oil by RSPO Standard, Symposium
on the Sustainability of Biofuels, February 2011, Tokyo, Japan
BONSCRO (2011) BONSCRO production standards including BONSACRO EU Production
Standard
http://bonsucro.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Bonsucro_Production_
Standard_March-2012__c.pdf
Committee on the Sustainability Criteria regarding Introduction of Biofuels, Japan (2009)
Report of the Committee on the Sustainability Criteria regarding Introduction of Biofuels,
Japan (in Japanese), http://warp.da.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/8231957/www.meti.go.jp/
press/20100305002/20100305002-1.pdf (バイオ燃料導入に係る持続可能性基準に関する
検討会 2009:バイオ燃料導入に係る持続可能性基準等に関する検討会報告書)
EC (2010) Report from the Commission on indirect land-use change related to biofuels and bioliquids (COM (2010) 800 final), European Commission
FAO (2008) The state of food and agriculture 2008, Biofuels: risks and opportunities http://www.
fao.org/docrep/011/i0100e/i0100e00.htm
FAO (2009) Declaration of the world summit on food security http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/Summit/Docs/Final_Declaration/WSFS09_Declaration.pdf
13 Key Strategies for Policymakers
viable without subsidies by producing countries, with some exceptions. In addition,
in terms of absolute volume, biofuel production will remain relatively low comparing to fossil fuels, and large-scale substitution will be difficult in the short term.
Standards, indicators, and certification systems relating to sustainable biofuels are
being developed at various levels around the world. If these can be unified on an
international scale and if conformity with international trade rules can be maintained, biofuel sustainability has the potential to play substantial roles in, for example, realizing ambitious standards for reduction of CO 2 emissions.
Currently, as part of the broad trend toward a global, sustainable society, various
national- and international-level initiatives based on the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity are being undertaken, and at the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development (UNCSD,
RIO+20) to be held in 2012, one of the main agenda items for discussion will be a
“green economy.” As one element of renewable energy, biofuels are expected to
make a significant contribution to the green economy (UNEP 2011). In addition,
initiatives directed toward a sustainable planet will be in progress; 2014 will be the
tenth and final year of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development,
and in 2015 the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are due to be achieved.
At the same time, research is proceeding vigorously on the technological possibilities of manufacturing second-generation and more advanced biofuels and manufacturing biofuels from algae. In Japan, expectations of renewable energy are likely to
keep growing in the aftermath of the recent nuclear reactor crisis. In view of all this,
it is vital to keep formulating and implementing sustainable biofuel utilization strategies, linking them to local and national-level strategies, and taking into account the
survey results reported here.
Reference
Arai (2009) Shinichi Arai, impacts of increasing use of biofuels on water resources and atmospheric environment. J Environ Inf Sc 38(3):50–55. 2009 (in Japanese)
Bangun (2011) Derom Bengun, Sustainable Production on Palm oil by RSPO Standard, Symposium
on the Sustainability of Biofuels, February 2011, Tokyo, Japan
BONSCRO (2011) BONSCRO production standards including BONSACRO EU Production
Standard
http://bonsucro.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Bonsucro_Production_
Standard_March-2012__c.pdf
Committee on the Sustainability Criteria regarding Introduction of Biofuels, Japan (2009)
Report of the Committee on the Sustainability Criteria regarding Introduction of Biofuels,
Japan (in Japanese), http://warp.da.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/8231957/www.meti.go.jp/
press/20100305002/20100305002-1.pdf (バイオ燃料導入に係る持続可能性基準に関する
検討会 2009:バイオ燃料導入に係る持続可能性基準等に関する検討会報告書)
EC (2010) Report from the Commission on indirect land-use change related to biofuels and bioliquids (COM (2010) 800 final), European Commission
FAO (2008) The state of food and agriculture 2008, Biofuels: risks and opportunities http://www.
fao.org/docrep/011/i0100e/i0100e00.htm
FAO (2009) Declaration of the world summit on food security http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/Summit/Docs/Final_Declaration/WSFS09_Declaration.pdf
13 Key Strategies for Policymakers