116
Finally, it is desirable to promote the use of sustainability standards, given the
remaining large uncertainties about the impacts of biofuel production and availability of inputs such as land and water, the great variation in local conditions, and the
likelihood that biofuels will be globally traded. Standards can enable individual biofuel stakeholders to demonstrate that their particular production methods in their
particular circumstances is sustainable. To be sure, these standards have various
limitations, but sustainability standards seem to be the main possibility to demonstrate the potential for biofuel sustainability on a case-by-case basis, taking into
account local conditions.
References
APEC (2008) The future of liquid biofuels for APEC economies. Ed. Energy Working Group,
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Secretariat, Singapore. https://www.nrel.gov/
docs/fy08osti/43709.pdf
Biomass Nippon Strategy Promotion Committee (2007) Kokusan baio nenryo no ohaba na seisan
kakudai [Large scale expansion of domestic bio-fuel production]
China ICRAF (2007) Bilfuels in China: an analysis of the opportunities and challenges of Jatropha
curcas in Southwest China. World Agroforestry Centre China, Beijing
Committee for Eco-fuel Utilisation Promotion (2008a) Status of biofuel projects in Japan (in
Japanese), Handout 2–1 of the Committee meeting
Committee for Eco-fuel Utilisation Promotion (2008b) Status of measures related to eco-fuels (in
Japanese), Handout 2–2 of the Committee meeting
Commodity Online (2008) Indonesian biofuel export hurt by legislation. Commodity Online, 20
March
Dufey A (2006) Biofuels production, trade and sustainable development: emerging issues. IIED
(International Institute for Environment and Development), London
EIA (2010) China energy profile. http://www.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.
cfm?fips=CH#. Accessed 27 Dec 2010
Eisentraut A (2010) Sustainable production of second-generation biofuels: potential and perspectives in major economies and developing countries. International Energy Agency, Paris,
France, Available at: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/second_
generation_biofuels.pdf
ERI (2008) Transition for non-food feedstock in the Chinese biofuel industry: current status and
challenge. Policy dialogue on biofuels in Asia: benefits and challenges, Beijing, China, United
Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Fargione J, Hill J, Tilman D, Polasky S, Hawthorne P (2008) Land clearing and the biofuel carbon
debt. Science 319(5867):1235–1238
Gan L, Yu J (2008) Bioenergy transition in rural China: policy options and co-benefits. Energy
Policy 36(2):531–540
GSI (2008a) Biofuels – at what cost? Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in China.
Global Subsidies Initiatives of the International Institute for Sustainable Development, Geneva
GSI (2008b) Biofuels, at what cost? (Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in Indonesia).
Global Subsidies Initiative of the International Institute for Sustainable Development, Geneva
GTZ (2006) Liquid biofuel for transportation: Chinese potential and implications for sustainable
agriculture and energy in the 21st century. GTZ, Beijing. http://www.commodityonline.com/
commodities/oil-oilseeds/newsdetails.php?id=6583. Accessed 6 May 2008
M. Elder et al.
Finally, it is desirable to promote the use of sustainability standards, given the
remaining large uncertainties about the impacts of biofuel production and availability of inputs such as land and water, the great variation in local conditions, and the
likelihood that biofuels will be globally traded. Standards can enable individual biofuel stakeholders to demonstrate that their particular production methods in their
particular circumstances is sustainable. To be sure, these standards have various
limitations, but sustainability standards seem to be the main possibility to demonstrate the potential for biofuel sustainability on a case-by-case basis, taking into
account local conditions.
References
APEC (2008) The future of liquid biofuels for APEC economies. Ed. Energy Working Group,
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Secretariat, Singapore. https://www.nrel.gov/
docs/fy08osti/43709.pdf
Biomass Nippon Strategy Promotion Committee (2007) Kokusan baio nenryo no ohaba na seisan
kakudai [Large scale expansion of domestic bio-fuel production]
China ICRAF (2007) Bilfuels in China: an analysis of the opportunities and challenges of Jatropha
curcas in Southwest China. World Agroforestry Centre China, Beijing
Committee for Eco-fuel Utilisation Promotion (2008a) Status of biofuel projects in Japan (in
Japanese), Handout 2–1 of the Committee meeting
Committee for Eco-fuel Utilisation Promotion (2008b) Status of measures related to eco-fuels (in
Japanese), Handout 2–2 of the Committee meeting
Commodity Online (2008) Indonesian biofuel export hurt by legislation. Commodity Online, 20
March
Dufey A (2006) Biofuels production, trade and sustainable development: emerging issues. IIED
(International Institute for Environment and Development), London
EIA (2010) China energy profile. http://www.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.
cfm?fips=CH#. Accessed 27 Dec 2010
Eisentraut A (2010) Sustainable production of second-generation biofuels: potential and perspectives in major economies and developing countries. International Energy Agency, Paris,
France, Available at: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/second_
generation_biofuels.pdf
ERI (2008) Transition for non-food feedstock in the Chinese biofuel industry: current status and
challenge. Policy dialogue on biofuels in Asia: benefits and challenges, Beijing, China, United
Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Fargione J, Hill J, Tilman D, Polasky S, Hawthorne P (2008) Land clearing and the biofuel carbon
debt. Science 319(5867):1235–1238
Gan L, Yu J (2008) Bioenergy transition in rural China: policy options and co-benefits. Energy
Policy 36(2):531–540
GSI (2008a) Biofuels – at what cost? Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in China.
Global Subsidies Initiatives of the International Institute for Sustainable Development, Geneva
GSI (2008b) Biofuels, at what cost? (Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in Indonesia).
Global Subsidies Initiative of the International Institute for Sustainable Development, Geneva
GTZ (2006) Liquid biofuel for transportation: Chinese potential and implications for sustainable
agriculture and energy in the 21st century. GTZ, Beijing. http://www.commodityonline.com/
commodities/oil-oilseeds/newsdetails.php?id=6583. Accessed 6 May 2008
M. Elder et al.