23
more details the implementation of such a SLUCM into our regional climate chemistry modelling system.
1.3.4.2 Background of Modelling for Europe
For the purpose of the climate simulations for UHI we follow two lines. First one
aims to prepare up-to-date background information on the changing conditions in
Europe using Euro-CORDEX rules. Euro-CORDEX is European part of the
CORDEX initiative under WCRP which intend to provide downscaled information
on climate change for individual continents around the world. It supposes to perform the coordinated simulations (i.e. for coordinated domains and periods), which
results in creating large ensemble of model simulations, both for validation based on
ERA-Interim reanalysis and/or historical runs with a GCM from CMIP5 driving an
RCM. Especially for the historical runs, as well as the subsequent transient future
runs, the matrix of GCMs and RCMs is expected to be quite large. While the resolution 0.44° (50 km) has been selected as standard for the CORDEX, for Europe the
resolution of 0.11° (12 km) is emphasised as well. We participate in this activity
with the model RegCM, both in evaluation experiment driven by ERA-Interim for
1989–2008 and transient historical and future run covering the period 1960–2100,
at 50 km resolution, using scenario RCP4.5 for the future changes. As driving GCM,
CNRM-CM5 is used. Figures 1.11 and 1.12 show the validation of temperature for
the simulations driven by ERA-Interim and CNRM model, respectively. Further,
Figs. 1.13 and 1.14 present climate change temperature signal for near future
(2021–2050) and far future (2071–2100), respectively.
The regional climate model we use is the model RegCM version 4.2 (hereafter
referred to as RegCM4.2) from The International Centre for Theoretical Physics
(ICTP), which is a three-dimensional mesoscale model. In terms of physical parameterizations it is based on RegCM3 (Pal et al. 2007) with many additional options.
Major changes in the model from version 3 to version 4.2 include the following: the
inclusion of the Community Land Surface Model v3.5 (CLM3.5) as an optional
land surface parametrization, a new optional parametrization for diurnal SST variations, and a major restructuring (modularization) of the code base. RegCM4.2 and
its evolution from RegCM3 is fully described by Giorgi et al. (2012).
RegCM4.2 includes a two land-surface models: BATS and the CLM model. Both
land-surface models can work in mosaic-type mode where the model grid is divided
into sub-grid boxes for which the calculation of fluxes is carried out separately and
the fluxes are then aggregated back to the large scale model gridbox (for BATS
scheme refered as SUBBATS, see Pal et al. 2007). While in Europe scale we used
standard BATS scheme, for the second line aiming to get high resolution downscaling with effect of urban parameterization included we have selected the SUBBATS
on 1 km grid, which enable to identify clearly urban and suburban types of the
land-use.
1 Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change
more details the implementation of such a SLUCM into our regional climate chemistry modelling system.
1.3.4.2 Background of Modelling for Europe
For the purpose of the climate simulations for UHI we follow two lines. First one
aims to prepare up-to-date background information on the changing conditions in
Europe using Euro-CORDEX rules. Euro-CORDEX is European part of the
CORDEX initiative under WCRP which intend to provide downscaled information
on climate change for individual continents around the world. It supposes to perform the coordinated simulations (i.e. for coordinated domains and periods), which
results in creating large ensemble of model simulations, both for validation based on
ERA-Interim reanalysis and/or historical runs with a GCM from CMIP5 driving an
RCM. Especially for the historical runs, as well as the subsequent transient future
runs, the matrix of GCMs and RCMs is expected to be quite large. While the resolution 0.44° (50 km) has been selected as standard for the CORDEX, for Europe the
resolution of 0.11° (12 km) is emphasised as well. We participate in this activity
with the model RegCM, both in evaluation experiment driven by ERA-Interim for
1989–2008 and transient historical and future run covering the period 1960–2100,
at 50 km resolution, using scenario RCP4.5 for the future changes. As driving GCM,
CNRM-CM5 is used. Figures 1.11 and 1.12 show the validation of temperature for
the simulations driven by ERA-Interim and CNRM model, respectively. Further,
Figs. 1.13 and 1.14 present climate change temperature signal for near future
(2021–2050) and far future (2071–2100), respectively.
The regional climate model we use is the model RegCM version 4.2 (hereafter
referred to as RegCM4.2) from The International Centre for Theoretical Physics
(ICTP), which is a three-dimensional mesoscale model. In terms of physical parameterizations it is based on RegCM3 (Pal et al. 2007) with many additional options.
Major changes in the model from version 3 to version 4.2 include the following: the
inclusion of the Community Land Surface Model v3.5 (CLM3.5) as an optional
land surface parametrization, a new optional parametrization for diurnal SST variations, and a major restructuring (modularization) of the code base. RegCM4.2 and
its evolution from RegCM3 is fully described by Giorgi et al. (2012).
RegCM4.2 includes a two land-surface models: BATS and the CLM model. Both
land-surface models can work in mosaic-type mode where the model grid is divided
into sub-grid boxes for which the calculation of fluxes is carried out separately and
the fluxes are then aggregated back to the large scale model gridbox (for BATS
scheme refered as SUBBATS, see Pal et al. 2007). While in Europe scale we used
standard BATS scheme, for the second line aiming to get high resolution downscaling with effect of urban parameterization included we have selected the SUBBATS
on 1 km grid, which enable to identify clearly urban and suburban types of the
land-use.
1 Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change