281
© The Author(s) 2016
F. Musco (ed.), Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate
Change Scenario, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-10425-6_10
Chapter 10
Pilot Actions in European Cities – Stuttgart
Rayk Rinke , Rainer Kapp , Ulrich Reuter , Christine Ketterer ,
Joachim Fallmann , Andreas Matzarakis , and Stefan Emeis
Abstract The fi eld of urban climatology has a long tradition in Stuttgart. It exists
as discipline in Stuttgart since 1938. Stuttgart was the fi rst city to establish its own
Department of Climatology to research ways of improving the fl ow of fresh air into
the city and to reduce thermal stress in most populated city districts. The specialist
department of Urban Climatology, within the Environmental Protection Offi ce,
deals with tasks relating to environmental meteorology within the scope of air
pollution control and also relating to urban and global climate protection. So in
Stuttgart the urban heat island phenomenon (UHI) is studied for several decades,
leading to a high level understanding of the UHI and the problems which it causes.
The UHI causes an increase in air temperatures and thermal stress, that are identifi ed
as most negative impacts on human health and urban living. In the view of global
climate change and the predicted temperature rise for the Stuttgart region of 1.5–2 K
in this century, the negative impacts of UHI on human health and urban living will
become more problematic in the future. According to the results of climate models
the frequency of very hot days is expected to jump by nearly 30 % at the end of the
century. The rising temperatures due to the global climate change in combination
with the temperature shift as a result of the UHI will intensify the heat stress in
R. Rinke (*) • R. Kapp • U. Reuter
Section of Urban Climatology, Offi ce for Environmental Protection, Municipality ,
Gaisburgstraße 4 , 70812 Stuttgart , Germany
e-mail: Rayk.Rinke@stuttgart.de
C. Ketterer
Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg , Werthmannstr. 10 , D-79085 , Freiburg , Germany
iMA Richter & Roeckle , Eisenbahnstrasse 43 , 79098 , Freiburg , Germany
J. Fallmann
UK Met Offi ce , Exeter
A. Matzarakis
Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg , Werthmannstr. 10 , D-79085 , Freiburg , Germany
Research Center Human Biometeorology , German Meteorological Service ,
Stefan-Meier-Str. 10 , D-70104 , Freiburg , Germany
S. Emeis
Head of Research Group “Regional Coupling of Ecosystem-Atmosphere” , Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Atmospheric
Environmental Research (IMK-IFU) , Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany
© The Author(s) 2016
F. Musco (ed.), Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate
Change Scenario, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-10425-6_10
Chapter 10
Pilot Actions in European Cities – Stuttgart
Rayk Rinke , Rainer Kapp , Ulrich Reuter , Christine Ketterer ,
Joachim Fallmann , Andreas Matzarakis , and Stefan Emeis
Abstract The fi eld of urban climatology has a long tradition in Stuttgart. It exists
as discipline in Stuttgart since 1938. Stuttgart was the fi rst city to establish its own
Department of Climatology to research ways of improving the fl ow of fresh air into
the city and to reduce thermal stress in most populated city districts. The specialist
department of Urban Climatology, within the Environmental Protection Offi ce,
deals with tasks relating to environmental meteorology within the scope of air
pollution control and also relating to urban and global climate protection. So in
Stuttgart the urban heat island phenomenon (UHI) is studied for several decades,
leading to a high level understanding of the UHI and the problems which it causes.
The UHI causes an increase in air temperatures and thermal stress, that are identifi ed
as most negative impacts on human health and urban living. In the view of global
climate change and the predicted temperature rise for the Stuttgart region of 1.5–2 K
in this century, the negative impacts of UHI on human health and urban living will
become more problematic in the future. According to the results of climate models
the frequency of very hot days is expected to jump by nearly 30 % at the end of the
century. The rising temperatures due to the global climate change in combination
with the temperature shift as a result of the UHI will intensify the heat stress in
R. Rinke (*) • R. Kapp • U. Reuter
Section of Urban Climatology, Offi ce for Environmental Protection, Municipality ,
Gaisburgstraße 4 , 70812 Stuttgart , Germany
e-mail: Rayk.Rinke@stuttgart.de
C. Ketterer
Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg , Werthmannstr. 10 , D-79085 , Freiburg , Germany
iMA Richter & Roeckle , Eisenbahnstrasse 43 , 79098 , Freiburg , Germany
J. Fallmann
UK Met Offi ce , Exeter
A. Matzarakis
Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg , Werthmannstr. 10 , D-79085 , Freiburg , Germany
Research Center Human Biometeorology , German Meteorological Service ,
Stefan-Meier-Str. 10 , D-70104 , Freiburg , Germany
S. Emeis
Head of Research Group “Regional Coupling of Ecosystem-Atmosphere” , Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Atmospheric
Environmental Research (IMK-IFU) , Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany