Puddling, 101, 102, 105
Pumice, 17, 60, 62, 67, 76–80, 83, 87, 90
Pyrite, 125, 127, 128, 142, 145
Pyrophosphate extraction, 73
Pyroxene, 17
Q
Quartz, 12, 20, 22, 26, 27, 29, 31, 63, 76, 81,
122, 123, 163
R
Radiocesium, vi, 5, 7, 34, 133, 152–155,
157–162
Radiocesium fixation, 158
Redoximorphic feature, 97
Redox interface, 100, 101, 109, 111, 115–118
Redox potential, 98, 103
Redox reaction, v, 5, 97, 98, 100, 101, 103, 104,
121, 124
Red scoriaceous particle, 65
Reference elemental composition, 15
Regulating service, 1, 2
Rhyolite, 60, 61
Rice root, 6, 98–101, 110–119, 125, 126
Rock cycle, 12, 13
S
Saline-sodic soil, 143
Saline soil, 143
Salinization, 143
Sandy tsunami deposit, 137, 138, 140, 141,
143, 152, 154
Sanidine, 26
Scanning electron microscope (SEM), 6, 15, 16,
18, 19, 21, 23–30, 32, 33, 39, 42–44,
46–49, 52, 53, 62–67, 70–73, 77, 79–84,
86–90, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 116,
117, 119, 123, 125–129, 142, 158, 163,
165–168, 170
Sclerenchyma, 101, 109, 116
Sclerotia grain, 81, 82, 84
Scoria, 16, 60, 64–67, 87
Secondary mineral, 4, 5, 11, 37–57
Sedimentary rock, 12
Side bar deposit, 158–162
Siderite, 38, 101, 105, 111, 122–124
Siderophyllite, 22
Silicate tetrahedron, 12, 39, 41, 50
Single chain silicate, 17
SiO 4 tetrahedron, 40, 41
Smectite, 37, 41, 45–46, 49, 76
Snowmelt, 159, 162
Sodic soil, 143
Sodification, 38, 138, 143
Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), 145–147
Soil profile, 5, 16–18, 22, 29, 44, 45, 48, 54,
63, 70, 75, 78, 81, 92, 97, 100, 102,
105, 122, 123, 128, 129, 150–152,
159, 168
Sorosilicate, 13
Spodosol, 59, 73
Sponge-like volcanic glass, 20, 62, 76, 85
Stability, 98, 100, 111–113
Struvite, 38, 171, 172
Subduction zone, 12
Sulfide, 2, 12, 59, 98, 99, 101, 105, 111, 124,
125, 136, 138, 141
Sulfidic material, 127, 129
Supporting service, 1
Swine manure, 121, 171, 173
T
Taranakite, 170, 171
Tarumae-a (Ta-a) tephra, 17–19, 61
TAS diagram, 60
Tectosilicate, 14, 15, 23, 26
TEM microgrid, 6
Tephra, 17–19, 21, 27, 48, 60–64, 79, 83, 86,
90–92, 151, 152, 164–167
Tetraferriannite, 22
Tetraferriphlogopite, 22
Tetrahedral sheet, 40, 41
Thaptic property, 75
Titanomagnetite, 27–28
Towada-a (To-a) tephra, 61, 151, 152
Transmission electron microscope (TEM), 6,
39, 42–48, 67, 69
Transplanting, 99, 102, 110, 114
Trioctahedral, 21, 22, 42, 48, 50
Truog P, 113, 138, 141, 164, 166
Tsunami, 4, 7, 126, 133–135, 137–157
V
Variable-charge site, 147
Vermiculite, 33, 38, 42, 45, 48, 49, 146, 160
Vertisol, 48
Vesicular pore, 63, 83, 86, 104, 105, 108
Vesicular structure, 77, 79, 83, 85
Vivianite, 38, 101, 105, 110–117, 119–121
180
Index
Pumice, 17, 60, 62, 67, 76–80, 83, 87, 90
Pyrite, 125, 127, 128, 142, 145
Pyrophosphate extraction, 73
Pyroxene, 17
Q
Quartz, 12, 20, 22, 26, 27, 29, 31, 63, 76, 81,
122, 123, 163
R
Radiocesium, vi, 5, 7, 34, 133, 152–155,
157–162
Radiocesium fixation, 158
Redoximorphic feature, 97
Redox interface, 100, 101, 109, 111, 115–118
Redox potential, 98, 103
Redox reaction, v, 5, 97, 98, 100, 101, 103, 104,
121, 124
Red scoriaceous particle, 65
Reference elemental composition, 15
Regulating service, 1, 2
Rhyolite, 60, 61
Rice root, 6, 98–101, 110–119, 125, 126
Rock cycle, 12, 13
S
Saline-sodic soil, 143
Saline soil, 143
Salinization, 143
Sandy tsunami deposit, 137, 138, 140, 141,
143, 152, 154
Sanidine, 26
Scanning electron microscope (SEM), 6, 15, 16,
18, 19, 21, 23–30, 32, 33, 39, 42–44,
46–49, 52, 53, 62–67, 70–73, 77, 79–84,
86–90, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 116,
117, 119, 123, 125–129, 142, 158, 163,
165–168, 170
Sclerenchyma, 101, 109, 116
Sclerotia grain, 81, 82, 84
Scoria, 16, 60, 64–67, 87
Secondary mineral, 4, 5, 11, 37–57
Sedimentary rock, 12
Side bar deposit, 158–162
Siderite, 38, 101, 105, 111, 122–124
Siderophyllite, 22
Silicate tetrahedron, 12, 39, 41, 50
Single chain silicate, 17
SiO 4 tetrahedron, 40, 41
Smectite, 37, 41, 45–46, 49, 76
Snowmelt, 159, 162
Sodic soil, 143
Sodification, 38, 138, 143
Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), 145–147
Soil profile, 5, 16–18, 22, 29, 44, 45, 48, 54,
63, 70, 75, 78, 81, 92, 97, 100, 102,
105, 122, 123, 128, 129, 150–152,
159, 168
Sorosilicate, 13
Spodosol, 59, 73
Sponge-like volcanic glass, 20, 62, 76, 85
Stability, 98, 100, 111–113
Struvite, 38, 171, 172
Subduction zone, 12
Sulfide, 2, 12, 59, 98, 99, 101, 105, 111, 124,
125, 136, 138, 141
Sulfidic material, 127, 129
Supporting service, 1
Swine manure, 121, 171, 173
T
Taranakite, 170, 171
Tarumae-a (Ta-a) tephra, 17–19, 61
TAS diagram, 60
Tectosilicate, 14, 15, 23, 26
TEM microgrid, 6
Tephra, 17–19, 21, 27, 48, 60–64, 79, 83, 86,
90–92, 151, 152, 164–167
Tetraferriannite, 22
Tetraferriphlogopite, 22
Tetrahedral sheet, 40, 41
Thaptic property, 75
Titanomagnetite, 27–28
Towada-a (To-a) tephra, 61, 151, 152
Transmission electron microscope (TEM), 6,
39, 42–48, 67, 69
Transplanting, 99, 102, 110, 114
Trioctahedral, 21, 22, 42, 48, 50
Truog P, 113, 138, 141, 164, 166
Tsunami, 4, 7, 126, 133–135, 137–157
V
Variable-charge site, 147
Vermiculite, 33, 38, 42, 45, 48, 49, 146, 160
Vertisol, 48
Vesicular pore, 63, 83, 86, 104, 105, 108
Vesicular structure, 77, 79, 83, 85
Vivianite, 38, 101, 105, 110–117, 119–121
180
Index