Voltage-gated ion channels
Ligand-gated ion channels
G-proteins
b. Cytoplasmic organelle targets
Mitochondrial targets
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. Nuclear targets
Targeting DNA replication
Targeting transcription
Targeting translation
Targeting mitosis/meiosis
5. Non-messenger targets II—Endogenous macromolecules
a. Proteins
Enzyme proteins
Hydrolases
Amidases (proteases)
Esterases (lipases)
Ligases
Carboxylases
Synthetases
Lyases
Decarboxylases
Dehydrases
Oxidoreductases
Oxidases
Reductases
Dehydrogenases
Transferases
Kinases
Transaminases
Enzyme cofactors
Vitamins
Non-enzyme proteins
Abnormal folding proteins (amyloid)
Growth factors (nerve growth factor)
Endogenous proteins from other animals (snail conotoxins)
b. Nucleic acids
c. Lipids
d. Carbohydrates
e. Heterocycles
f. Inorganics
6. Non-messenger targets III—Exogenous pathogens
a. Microbes
Prions
Viruses
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