Diols (glycols) 75
Dipeptide 180
Dipole 28
Dipole-dipole forces or interactions 28, 29,
64
Dipole moment 26
Diosgenin 325, 326
1, 4-Dioxane 80
Disaccharide 303, 311–313
Diterpenes 331, 332, 343–347
Dodecane 64
Double bond 22, 26
Double helix 174, 176, 177
Dragendorff’s reagent 302
Drug-receptor interactions 31–33
Dysidea avara 286
E and Z system 51, 52
E1 reaction 223, 224, 227
E2 reaction 223–231
Eclipsed conformer 37, 38
Electron 17
Electronegativity 27
Electrophile 121, 232, 238, 254
Electrophilic additions 107, 108, 111,
228–247
Electrophilic substitutions 122, 254–260
Electronic configuration 19
Electrostatic interaction 124
Element 18
b-Elimination 223
1, 2-Elimination 223
Elimination reactions 191, 223–232
Ellagic acid 369
Ellagitannins 369
Enamine 219
Enantiomers or enatiomeric pairs 43–57
Enantioselective synthesis 55
Endpoint 14
Enol 206–208
Enolate anion 222, 253, 254
Ephedrine 290, 297
Epoxides 77, 80–82, 245–248
Equatorial position 41, 42, 353
Ergine 290, 298, 299
Ergoline 290, 297–299
Ergosterol 355, 359
Erythroxylaceae 293
Erythroxylum coca 293
Essential amino acid 181, 182
Essential oil 333, 360
Esters 97–99
Estradiol (oestradiol) 355, 358
Esterifications 249
Estrone (oestrone) 355, 358
Ethane 10, 11, 37
Ethanethiol 78
Ethanol 75, 76
Ethene (ethylene) 81, 103
Ethers 8, 10, 80–82, 208, 209, 238, 241,
245, 246
Ethyl acetate 97, 253, 254
Ethyl acetoacetate 253, 254
Ethylamide 99
Ethylamine 82
Ethyl benzoate 98
Ethyl chloride 69
Ethyl ethanoate 97
3-Ethyl-2-methylhexane 63
Ethylenediamine 83
Ethylene glycol 75, 221, 266
Ethylene oxide (epoxy ethane) 80, 81
Ethylmethylketone 55
Ethyloxonium ion 9
Ethyne (acetylene) 108, 109, 199, 211
Ethynyloestradiol 357
Etoposide 360
Eugenol 361
Euphorbiaceae 321
Eutectic point 4
Exo product 280
Farnesene 335, 342
Fehling’s test 309, 312
Feist-Benary synthesis 149
Feverfew 342
First order elimination 223, 224
Fischer esterification 93, 98, 249
Fischer indole synthesis 169
Flavan 368
Flavanone 367
Flavone 367
Flavonoids 365–368
Flavonol 367
Fluoxetine (Prozac) 55
Formaldehyde 86, 214
Formal charge 24
Formamide (methanamide) 99
Formic acid (methanoic acid) 89
Forskolin 331, 332, 343, 347
Fox gloves (Digitalis purpurea)
327, 328
Free radical 192
Free radical chain reaction 68, 192–196,
203, 204
Free radical initiators 203
Friedel-Crafts acylation 122, 141, 142,
151, 256, 257
INDEX
375
Dipeptide 180
Dipole 28
Dipole-dipole forces or interactions 28, 29,
64
Dipole moment 26
Diosgenin 325, 326
1, 4-Dioxane 80
Disaccharide 303, 311–313
Diterpenes 331, 332, 343–347
Dodecane 64
Double bond 22, 26
Double helix 174, 176, 177
Dragendorff’s reagent 302
Drug-receptor interactions 31–33
Dysidea avara 286
E and Z system 51, 52
E1 reaction 223, 224, 227
E2 reaction 223–231
Eclipsed conformer 37, 38
Electron 17
Electronegativity 27
Electrophile 121, 232, 238, 254
Electrophilic additions 107, 108, 111,
228–247
Electrophilic substitutions 122, 254–260
Electronic configuration 19
Electrostatic interaction 124
Element 18
b-Elimination 223
1, 2-Elimination 223
Elimination reactions 191, 223–232
Ellagic acid 369
Ellagitannins 369
Enamine 219
Enantiomers or enatiomeric pairs 43–57
Enantioselective synthesis 55
Endpoint 14
Enol 206–208
Enolate anion 222, 253, 254
Ephedrine 290, 297
Epoxides 77, 80–82, 245–248
Equatorial position 41, 42, 353
Ergine 290, 298, 299
Ergoline 290, 297–299
Ergosterol 355, 359
Erythroxylaceae 293
Erythroxylum coca 293
Essential amino acid 181, 182
Essential oil 333, 360
Esters 97–99
Estradiol (oestradiol) 355, 358
Esterifications 249
Estrone (oestrone) 355, 358
Ethane 10, 11, 37
Ethanethiol 78
Ethanol 75, 76
Ethene (ethylene) 81, 103
Ethers 8, 10, 80–82, 208, 209, 238, 241,
245, 246
Ethyl acetate 97, 253, 254
Ethyl acetoacetate 253, 254
Ethylamide 99
Ethylamine 82
Ethyl benzoate 98
Ethyl chloride 69
Ethyl ethanoate 97
3-Ethyl-2-methylhexane 63
Ethylenediamine 83
Ethylene glycol 75, 221, 266
Ethylene oxide (epoxy ethane) 80, 81
Ethylmethylketone 55
Ethyloxonium ion 9
Ethyne (acetylene) 108, 109, 199, 211
Ethynyloestradiol 357
Etoposide 360
Eugenol 361
Euphorbiaceae 321
Eutectic point 4
Exo product 280
Farnesene 335, 342
Fehling’s test 309, 312
Feist-Benary synthesis 149
Feverfew 342
First order elimination 223, 224
Fischer esterification 93, 98, 249
Fischer indole synthesis 169
Flavan 368
Flavanone 367
Flavone 367
Flavonoids 365–368
Flavonol 367
Fluoxetine (Prozac) 55
Formaldehyde 86, 214
Formal charge 24
Formamide (methanamide) 99
Formic acid (methanoic acid) 89
Forskolin 331, 332, 343, 347
Fox gloves (Digitalis purpurea)
327, 328
Free radical 192
Free radical chain reaction 68, 192–196,
203, 204
Free radical initiators 203
Friedel-Crafts acylation 122, 141, 142,
151, 256, 257
INDEX
375