5
Organic reactions
Learning objectives
After completing this chapter the student should be able to À À
recognize various types of organic reaction;
describe the mechanisms and examples of addition, substitution, radical,
oxidation–reduction, elimination and pericyclic reactions.
5.1 Types of organic reaction
Reaction types
Brief definition
Where they occur
Radical reactions
New bond is formed using
Alkanes and alkenes.
radical from each reactant.
Addition reactions
Addition means two systems
Alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes
combine to a single entity.
and ketones.
Elimination reactions
Elimination refers to the loss
Alcohols, alkyl halides and
of water, hydrogen halide or
alkyl dihalides.
halogens from a molecule.
Substitution reactions
Substitution implies that one
Alkyl halides, alcohols,
group replaces the other.
epoxides, carboxylic acid
and its derivatives, and
benzene and its derivatives.
Oxidation–reduction
Oxidation ¼ loss of electrons.
Alkenes, alkynes, 1
and 2
reactions
alcohols, aldehydes and
ketones.
(Continued)
Chemistry for Pharmacy Students Satyajit D Sarker and Lutfun Nahar
# 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.