104
TABLE 8-1
Positive Ions Whose Charges Do Not Vary
Single charge
Hydrogen
H
+
Lithium
Li
+
Sodium
Na
+
Potassium
K
+
Rubidium
Rb
+
Cesium
Cs
+
Silver
Ag
+
Ammonium
NH^
Double charge
Triple charge
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Zinc
Cadmium
Be
2+
Aluminum
AI
1+
Mg+
Ca>+
Sr"
Ba"
Zn+
Cd+
POSITIVE IONS WHOSE CHARGES VARY
The atoms of some metals can lose different numbers of electrons under different conditions (Table 8-2). For these atoms it has been traditional to add the
suffix -ous to the atom's root name for the lower charge state, and the suffix -ic
for the higher charge state. Thus the aurous ion is Au
+ and the auric ion is Au
J+ .
There is difficulty when an element has more than two charge states. To overTABLE 8-2
Positive Ions Whose Charges Vary
Traditional names
IUPAC names
Copper(l) and (II)
Gold(l) and (III)
Mercury(l) and (II)
Chromium(ll) and (III)
Manganese(ll) and (III)
Iron(ll) and (III)
Cobalt(ll) and (III)
Nickel(ll) and (III)
Tin(ll) and (IV)
Lead(ll) and (IV)
Cenum(lll) and (IV)
Arsenic(lll) and (V)
Antimony(lll) and (V)
Bismuth(lll) and (V)
Root
Bismuth-ous ending
Cu
+
Au
+
Hg
+ (Hgj
+ )
Cr
z+
Mn+
Fe+
Co"
Ni+
Sn"
Pb+
Ce
3+
As
i+
Sb
3+
Bi'
+
-ic ending
Cu-+
Au
i+
Hg
2+
Cr
!+
Mn'
+
Fe
J+
Co
i+
NI
J+
Sn
4+
Pb
J+
Ce
t+
As
)+
Sb'
+
Bi'
+