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open system, based on authentication in a browser, where WPA2 may
not be needed. In this case, security is not guaranteed.
Passpoint clients can connect to any existing Wi-Fi network.
However, Wi-Fi clients will not necessarily be able to use Passpoint
functions and services. For example, standard hotspots offer no
security of connection, whereas Passpoint automatically implements
WPA2 encryption.
Wi-Fi Certified Passpoint is a certification program offered by the
Wi-Fi Alliance, aimed at both the access points and the clients’
terminals. Just as for Wi-Fi equipment, it ensures interoperability of
the devices and terminals.
In Figure 6.8, we illustrate the different types of connections that
can be made by a mobile in a Passpoint environment.
Figure 6.8. The integration of 3G/4G/5G and Wi-Fi access
In Figure 6.8, three types of connections are possible: a connection
with the NodeB, which is the typical case of connection of a 3G/4G
terminal; a connection with a hotspot which is, itself, connected to a
Wi-Fi controller; and a connection with one or more HNBs
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