154 Software Networks
connected to the operator network: by a BTS, a NodeB or an eNodeB
or by a Wi-Fi access point (hotspot, femtocell, microcell, metrocell,
etc.).
In home or business environments, connection to a Wi-Fi network
is generally made automatically once the user has entered the
authentication data upon first connecting to the network. When s/he is
connected to the access point and authorized to enter into the network,
s/he is subject to the rules established by the IT manager or the owner
of the access point. Once recognized, his/her terminal automatically
joins the access points to which it connects regularly, without
intervention on his/her part.
The connection to most hotspots is often different to that which is
described above. In a public place where there are many networks, the
clients often have to begin by choosing the network to which they
wish to connect, and then identify themselves to the access point.
Finally, in most cases, they need to enter authentication data. There
are solutions in existence to simplify network selection and
automatically make the connection whilst still ensuring good security,
but these solutions are often restricted to a small number of networks
and are very rarely available abroad.
Wi-Fi Passpoint technology fundamentally changes the use of
public hotspots. It is a general solution which all hotspot operators can
apply, which helps to overcome the limitations of the proprietary, noninteroperable solutions offered by current providers. A program,
installed on certified devices, automatically manages the network
connection, authentication, authorization and underlying security in a
manner which is totally transparent to the user. This solution works
with all Passpoint networks.
First and foremost, Passpoint takes care of the discovery and
selection of a network. The terminal machines discover and
automatically choose the network to which to connect on the basis of
preferences determined by the users, policies defined by the operators
and the availability of the network. These characteristics are based on
the IEEE 802.11u standard.
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