Bioremediation of Heavy Metals and Toxic Chemicals …
85
11 Conclusion
From this study, the types of heavy metals and toxic functional groups present in
the Muttukadu Lake, Chennai was determined. It reveals that bioremediation using
biosurfactant can be a suitable treatment strategy for Cr type of heavy metal meanwhile more Pb was eliminated when treated with biomass. The present study acts as
an evidence to show that each heavy metal requires unique treatment strategy. On
the other hand, biomass possessed good results by eliminating three toxic functional
groups as mentioned above. In addition, rhamnolipid kind of biosurfactant produced
by P. aeruginoa has wider applications including removal of the synthetic azo dye.
References
Banat IM, Makkar RS, Cameotra SS (2000) Potential commercial applications of microbial
surfactants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 53:495–508
Banat IM, Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Martinotti MG et al (2010) Microbial biosurfactants
production, applications and future potential. Applied Microbiol Biotechnol 87:427
Carrillo PG, Mardaraz C, Pitta-Alvarez SI, Giulietti AM (1996) Isolation and selection of
biosrfactant producing bacteria. World J Microbiol. Biotechnol 12:82–84
Dhanya G, Swetha S, Madhavan NK, Sukumaran RK, Pandey A (2008) Response surface methodology for the optimization of alpha amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Bioresour
Technol 99:4597–4602
Dubey K, Juwarkar A (2001) Distillery and curd whey wastes as viable alternative sources for
biosurfactant production. World J Microb Biot 17(1):61-69
Ebrahimi A, Tashi N (2012) Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from poultry breast skin.
Nat Pharm Prod 7(3):93–96
Karanth N, Deo P, Veenanadig N (1999) Microbial production of biosurfactants and their importance.
Curr Sci 77(1):116–126
Ladwani KD, Ladwani KD, Manik VS, Ramteke DS (2012) Impact of domestic wastewater
irrigation on soil properties and crop yield. Int J Sci Res Pub 2:1–7
Mishra A, Trivedi RK (2019) Synthesis and characterization of biosurfactant using waste from oil
processing industry as substrate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424). RJC 1011–1021
Morikawa M, Daido H, Takao T, Murata S, Shimonishi Y, Imanaka T (1993) A new lipopeptide
biosurfactant produced by Arthrobacter sp. strain MIS38. J Bacteriol 175:6459–6466
Rahman KS, Banat IM, Thahira J, Thayumanavan T, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P (2002) Bioremediation of gasoline contaminated soil by a bacterial consortium amended with poultry litter, coir
pith and rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Bioresour Technol Rep 81:25–32
Rath K, Singh AB, Chandan S, Vatsala RS (2016) Isolation and characterization of a biosurfactant
producing strain pseudomonas aeruginosa SMVIT 1 from oil contaminated soil. J Sci Ind Res
681–686
Rosenberg E, Ron EZ (1999) High- and low-molecular-mass microbial surfactants. Applied
Microbiol Biotechnol 52:154–162
Sarubbo LA, Farias CBB, Campos-Takaki GM (2007) Co-Utilization of canola oil and glucose on
the production of a surfactant by Candida lipolytica. Curr Microbiol 54:68–73
Swetal M, Vaidehi C (2018) Production of Biosurfactant (Rhamnolipid) and its efficacy to remove
Oil and Ink stains. Int J Sci Res Rev 7(3):631–637
Yassin AS, Eraqi WA, Ali AE, Amin MA (2016) Utilization of crude glycerol as a substrate for the
production of Rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biotech Res Int 1–10
85
11 Conclusion
From this study, the types of heavy metals and toxic functional groups present in
the Muttukadu Lake, Chennai was determined. It reveals that bioremediation using
biosurfactant can be a suitable treatment strategy for Cr type of heavy metal meanwhile more Pb was eliminated when treated with biomass. The present study acts as
an evidence to show that each heavy metal requires unique treatment strategy. On
the other hand, biomass possessed good results by eliminating three toxic functional
groups as mentioned above. In addition, rhamnolipid kind of biosurfactant produced
by P. aeruginoa has wider applications including removal of the synthetic azo dye.
References
Banat IM, Makkar RS, Cameotra SS (2000) Potential commercial applications of microbial
surfactants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 53:495–508
Banat IM, Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Martinotti MG et al (2010) Microbial biosurfactants
production, applications and future potential. Applied Microbiol Biotechnol 87:427
Carrillo PG, Mardaraz C, Pitta-Alvarez SI, Giulietti AM (1996) Isolation and selection of
biosrfactant producing bacteria. World J Microbiol. Biotechnol 12:82–84
Dhanya G, Swetha S, Madhavan NK, Sukumaran RK, Pandey A (2008) Response surface methodology for the optimization of alpha amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Bioresour
Technol 99:4597–4602
Dubey K, Juwarkar A (2001) Distillery and curd whey wastes as viable alternative sources for
biosurfactant production. World J Microb Biot 17(1):61-69
Ebrahimi A, Tashi N (2012) Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from poultry breast skin.
Nat Pharm Prod 7(3):93–96
Karanth N, Deo P, Veenanadig N (1999) Microbial production of biosurfactants and their importance.
Curr Sci 77(1):116–126
Ladwani KD, Ladwani KD, Manik VS, Ramteke DS (2012) Impact of domestic wastewater
irrigation on soil properties and crop yield. Int J Sci Res Pub 2:1–7
Mishra A, Trivedi RK (2019) Synthesis and characterization of biosurfactant using waste from oil
processing industry as substrate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424). RJC 1011–1021
Morikawa M, Daido H, Takao T, Murata S, Shimonishi Y, Imanaka T (1993) A new lipopeptide
biosurfactant produced by Arthrobacter sp. strain MIS38. J Bacteriol 175:6459–6466
Rahman KS, Banat IM, Thahira J, Thayumanavan T, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P (2002) Bioremediation of gasoline contaminated soil by a bacterial consortium amended with poultry litter, coir
pith and rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Bioresour Technol Rep 81:25–32
Rath K, Singh AB, Chandan S, Vatsala RS (2016) Isolation and characterization of a biosurfactant
producing strain pseudomonas aeruginosa SMVIT 1 from oil contaminated soil. J Sci Ind Res
681–686
Rosenberg E, Ron EZ (1999) High- and low-molecular-mass microbial surfactants. Applied
Microbiol Biotechnol 52:154–162
Sarubbo LA, Farias CBB, Campos-Takaki GM (2007) Co-Utilization of canola oil and glucose on
the production of a surfactant by Candida lipolytica. Curr Microbiol 54:68–73
Swetal M, Vaidehi C (2018) Production of Biosurfactant (Rhamnolipid) and its efficacy to remove
Oil and Ink stains. Int J Sci Res Rev 7(3):631–637
Yassin AS, Eraqi WA, Ali AE, Amin MA (2016) Utilization of crude glycerol as a substrate for the
production of Rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biotech Res Int 1–10