272
A. Arivoli et al.
production capacity of 13.5 million tons cane per year and total sugarcane production 220 million tons per year (Kaur et al. 2010) fully operational for 150–210 days
in a year (November to May) (Kolhe et al. 2009).And other additional materials
like molasses, bagasse, and chemicals are produced for alcohol production. The
impact of the sugar industry effluents is causing odor during decomposition. And
contains high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD) which reduce the available oxygen supply into the water and adversely affect
the aquatic ecosystems (Jagannathan et al. 2014). Due to this, it has been added in
the Ultra-red category (high source of water-polluting industry) by central pollution
control board. The factors are a High amount of organic and inorganic compounds,
like a high amount of suspended solids and dissolved solids that reduce the penetration capability of light into the water (Singh and Bhati 2005). The organic compounds
percent in the sugar effluent water has beneficial nutrients add with press muds or
filter muds gives fertilizer to promote the development of plant-like cane cutting and
also used composting material (good organic fertilizer) in enhancing agricultural
viability (Kumar and Chopra 2012). Sugar effluent by-products were considered as
a waste which can be recycled (Almodares and Sharif 2007). The effluent directly
from the sugar industry cannot be used for agricultural irrigation uses. And farmers
(stakeholders) are the real sources of raw material like sugar cane, so every industry
has to do a different kind of research and development scheme to enhance the sufficient supply of raw material source like soil fertility for better germination, Most
crops gives higher potential yield with less wastewater irrigation, reduce the usage
of chemical fertilizers, resulting in net cost savings to farmers, giving cane cutting,
etc., The focus of the research problem is a mutual concern between farmers and
sugar industry top-level management to satisfy the farmers by enhancing the yield
of the crop in utilizing the organic matter from the effluent utilizing concept like
bioremediation, phytoremediation, press muds, filter cake, cane cutting, treatment of
effluent for irrigation there is a proper application(methods) to reconcile in practices
(Vinod et al. 2010). The review of past studies gives a systematic idea on usage of
Phytoremediation than mechanical and technological process Siddiqui and Waseem
(2012) studied the effect of treated and untreated sugar industry water on bajra, bram,
maize, and wheat. And the same type of study has been done by other (Damodharan and Reddy 2012) for Cuddalore in Arachis hypogaea (Peanut), Vigna radiata
(Green gram) (Santhi and Pandian 2012), Vigna angularis, Vigna cylindrical, and
Sorghum cernum (Doke et al. 2011), wheat, garden pea, black gram, and mustard
(Nath et al. 2007), paddy (Ramkrishan et al. 2001; Samuel and Muthukkaruppan
2011). Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek) is an annual herb of the Leguminosae
family. The effluents which are approaching from the sugar industry are directly used
for agricultural practices, i.e., irrigation purpose will affect the soil fertility as well
as in plant growth and seed germination. The present study deals with the analyses
of sugar mill effluent and its efficacy on seed germination and growth of fenugreek
and mustard in an organic way.
A. Arivoli et al.
production capacity of 13.5 million tons cane per year and total sugarcane production 220 million tons per year (Kaur et al. 2010) fully operational for 150–210 days
in a year (November to May) (Kolhe et al. 2009).And other additional materials
like molasses, bagasse, and chemicals are produced for alcohol production. The
impact of the sugar industry effluents is causing odor during decomposition. And
contains high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD) which reduce the available oxygen supply into the water and adversely affect
the aquatic ecosystems (Jagannathan et al. 2014). Due to this, it has been added in
the Ultra-red category (high source of water-polluting industry) by central pollution
control board. The factors are a High amount of organic and inorganic compounds,
like a high amount of suspended solids and dissolved solids that reduce the penetration capability of light into the water (Singh and Bhati 2005). The organic compounds
percent in the sugar effluent water has beneficial nutrients add with press muds or
filter muds gives fertilizer to promote the development of plant-like cane cutting and
also used composting material (good organic fertilizer) in enhancing agricultural
viability (Kumar and Chopra 2012). Sugar effluent by-products were considered as
a waste which can be recycled (Almodares and Sharif 2007). The effluent directly
from the sugar industry cannot be used for agricultural irrigation uses. And farmers
(stakeholders) are the real sources of raw material like sugar cane, so every industry
has to do a different kind of research and development scheme to enhance the sufficient supply of raw material source like soil fertility for better germination, Most
crops gives higher potential yield with less wastewater irrigation, reduce the usage
of chemical fertilizers, resulting in net cost savings to farmers, giving cane cutting,
etc., The focus of the research problem is a mutual concern between farmers and
sugar industry top-level management to satisfy the farmers by enhancing the yield
of the crop in utilizing the organic matter from the effluent utilizing concept like
bioremediation, phytoremediation, press muds, filter cake, cane cutting, treatment of
effluent for irrigation there is a proper application(methods) to reconcile in practices
(Vinod et al. 2010). The review of past studies gives a systematic idea on usage of
Phytoremediation than mechanical and technological process Siddiqui and Waseem
(2012) studied the effect of treated and untreated sugar industry water on bajra, bram,
maize, and wheat. And the same type of study has been done by other (Damodharan and Reddy 2012) for Cuddalore in Arachis hypogaea (Peanut), Vigna radiata
(Green gram) (Santhi and Pandian 2012), Vigna angularis, Vigna cylindrical, and
Sorghum cernum (Doke et al. 2011), wheat, garden pea, black gram, and mustard
(Nath et al. 2007), paddy (Ramkrishan et al. 2001; Samuel and Muthukkaruppan
2011). Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek) is an annual herb of the Leguminosae
family. The effluents which are approaching from the sugar industry are directly used
for agricultural practices, i.e., irrigation purpose will affect the soil fertility as well
as in plant growth and seed germination. The present study deals with the analyses
of sugar mill effluent and its efficacy on seed germination and growth of fenugreek
and mustard in an organic way.