Bioremediation of Dye Effluent Using Dodonae Viscosa Seed Powder
137
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Sample Collection
The effluent samples were collected from the Common Effluent Treatment Plant
(CETP) treated at Angeripalayam CETP, in Tirupur. Effluents from 58 dyeing units
are treated in this CETP.
2.2 Preparation of Dodonae Viscosa Seed Powder
The Dodonae viscosa seeds were collected from recently harvested dry seed. The
seed coat and wings were removed and the seeds were ground to powder using
domestic blender. Then the powder was sieved through 600 µm stainless steel sieve.
Degradation processes are depended on a multitude of variable interrelated factors:
Temperature, Color, Alkalinity, natural coagulant and intensity and duration of stirring, duration mixing and flocculation. The optimal dose of the seed powder cannot
be found by analyzing the raw water. Rather, it must be determined by an experiment
on laboratory scale. Such a test ought to follow this procedure. Previous researchers
had tried to utilize maize seed as coagulant/ coagulant aid (Raghuwanshi et al. 2002;
Mandloi et al. 2004). Previously removal of dye, surfactant and other contaminations using Moringaoleifera seed was studied by some scientists (Beltran-Heredia
and Martin 2008; Bhatia et al. 2006; Kwaambwa et al. 2010). The chemical composition and other properties like active agent of seeds of Moringa oleifera was demonstrated by Ndabigengesere et al. (1995) and Gassenschmidt et al. (1995). Based on
the previous researches we tried indigenous plant Dodonae viscosa seed which is
available in Tamil University campus.
The Dodonae viscosa seed powder was taken in the following doses (1, 2, 3, 4 and
5 g/l) for treating 1 L of dye effluent samples. High speed stirring initially for 1 min
and low speed for 10 min. The stirring is done with the help of a Jar Test Apparatus.
Then it was allowed until the water colour was removed or degraded.
2.3 Preparation of Filter Column
The filter column is prepared by using sand, activated carbon and dry egg shell.
Initially all the ingredients of the filter column are washed using HCl in order to
remove any dust particles attached to it. The sand is then washed with distilled water
and 50 ml of the sand is packed into the filter column. Activated charcoal is prepared
by using dry Amla seed powder. The seed is crushed into crystals by using a blender. It
is burnt at 250 °C for few minutes using a Muffle furnace. The charcoal thus obtained
is then washed with HCl until the pH is neutralized. It is further washed by using
137
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Sample Collection
The effluent samples were collected from the Common Effluent Treatment Plant
(CETP) treated at Angeripalayam CETP, in Tirupur. Effluents from 58 dyeing units
are treated in this CETP.
2.2 Preparation of Dodonae Viscosa Seed Powder
The Dodonae viscosa seeds were collected from recently harvested dry seed. The
seed coat and wings were removed and the seeds were ground to powder using
domestic blender. Then the powder was sieved through 600 µm stainless steel sieve.
Degradation processes are depended on a multitude of variable interrelated factors:
Temperature, Color, Alkalinity, natural coagulant and intensity and duration of stirring, duration mixing and flocculation. The optimal dose of the seed powder cannot
be found by analyzing the raw water. Rather, it must be determined by an experiment
on laboratory scale. Such a test ought to follow this procedure. Previous researchers
had tried to utilize maize seed as coagulant/ coagulant aid (Raghuwanshi et al. 2002;
Mandloi et al. 2004). Previously removal of dye, surfactant and other contaminations using Moringaoleifera seed was studied by some scientists (Beltran-Heredia
and Martin 2008; Bhatia et al. 2006; Kwaambwa et al. 2010). The chemical composition and other properties like active agent of seeds of Moringa oleifera was demonstrated by Ndabigengesere et al. (1995) and Gassenschmidt et al. (1995). Based on
the previous researches we tried indigenous plant Dodonae viscosa seed which is
available in Tamil University campus.
The Dodonae viscosa seed powder was taken in the following doses (1, 2, 3, 4 and
5 g/l) for treating 1 L of dye effluent samples. High speed stirring initially for 1 min
and low speed for 10 min. The stirring is done with the help of a Jar Test Apparatus.
Then it was allowed until the water colour was removed or degraded.
2.3 Preparation of Filter Column
The filter column is prepared by using sand, activated carbon and dry egg shell.
Initially all the ingredients of the filter column are washed using HCl in order to
remove any dust particles attached to it. The sand is then washed with distilled water
and 50 ml of the sand is packed into the filter column. Activated charcoal is prepared
by using dry Amla seed powder. The seed is crushed into crystals by using a blender. It
is burnt at 250 °C for few minutes using a Muffle furnace. The charcoal thus obtained
is then washed with HCl until the pH is neutralized. It is further washed by using