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various awards for its implementation of environmental policies on transport, waste
management, sustainable procurement, emissions, water recycling and energy usage.
Similarly, the North American university was founded in the late 1800s and is
based in the suburbs of a large city. It has high-profile policies on sustainability with
green buildings incorporating energy efficient technologies and a focus on human
health. Environmentally conscious grounds management pursues initiatives to plant
local and adaptive species. The university as a whole prides itself on the use of solar
energy and efforts on carbon neutrality. It strives towards zero waste and works with
community partners to offer sustainable transportation. This culture of sustainability
is evident through faculty research efforts, student involvement, and staff practices.
3.2 Santa Catarina Campuses (SCCs)
Considering the four regions indicated in Fig. 2, five SCC sites were selected for the
survey comprising one from each of these regions plus a second from Florianópolis,
the capital city of Santa Catarina State. Typically, these were first established between
40 and 60 years ago and have gone through processes of modernization and expansion
during this time ranging from new faculty buildings to additional campuses builds on
green-field sites. Each campus provides teaching, research, catering and recreation
resources for between 10,000 and 30,000 students and staff. Unlike the EACs, the
SCCs do not offer student accommodation, which is typical of most Brazilian HEIs.
Santa Catarina’s universities offer graduate, MSc and PhD courses over a broad
range of subject areas that tend to be closely identified with the needs of their local
communities. Typical focus areas include sustainable production alternatives for
family farming, process optimization for cleaner production, environmental studies
and integrated design of the built environment and energy. Their interests lie not
only in the training of professionals but also in the production and publication
of new knowledge, the development of community actions aimed at promoting
economic, social, cultural, sports and health development. Their outreach activities
include social assistance initiatives, seminars, scientific meetings and active engagement with the community. More recently, these institutions have invested heavily in
expanding postgraduate studies and research, the creation of technological centers
and internationalization.
4 Corporate Sustainbility Bench Marking
Using the methodology set out in Sect. 2, the benchmarking survey yielded results
that clearly demonstrate that all the HEIs have interests in all the themes outlined in
this paper. However, the information that is available via their open websites varies
greatly, ranging from high-profile publicity statements on corporate sustainability
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