53
Zn(N), Hg(N), As(N) and Cd(N) (r = 0.580, p = 0.000) indicating stronger anthropogenic effects than the natural one of these elements in 2015 moss samples. High
correlation with Hg and Cd, typical elements of long-range atmospheric transport,
is probably indicating the strong effect of long-range transport. The mutual high
correlation between Cu and Zn is verified by linear regression analysis (Fig. 2.9). It
is probably derived from the emission from the brake wear which is likely an important emission source of these elements, and the lack of correlations with Pb indicates a low source from the vehicle exhaust.
2.3.2.5 Lead
Pb is not a common element of earth crust and is mostly present in different ores and
minerals (UNEP 2013). It can enter in the air through the natural and the anthropogenic processes. Pb contents in moss samples varied from 0.51 mg kg
−1
to
14.54 mg kg
−1
, lower than 2010 (1.34–19.7 mg kg
−1
), while the average concentrations of 2015 and 2010 are very close to each other (3.011 mg kg
−1
and 3.12 mg kg
−1
,
respectively). The Pb concentration in moss samples of Albania is lower compared
to the mosses of the most European countries (Lazo et al. 2018; Harmens et al. 2013).
The spatial analysis plot shows diverse distribution of Pb content in the country.
It is confirmed by high variation (CV% = 93% > 75%) and high values of skewness
and kurtosis (2.1 and 5.5, respectively) indicating a high disparity of the Pb concentration in moss samples. The highest concentration level was found in St. 44 and 45
22.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
125
100
75
50
25
0
S
1 1.7195
R-Sq
48.7%
R-Sq(adj)
4 7.7%
Cu
Zn
Regression
95% CI
95% PI
Fitted Line Plot
Zn = - 9.913 + 3.062 Cu
Fig. 2.9 Linear regression analysis between Cu and Zn
2 Spatial Series and Multivariate Analysis in Assessing the Essential (Cu and Zn…
Zn(N), Hg(N), As(N) and Cd(N) (r = 0.580, p = 0.000) indicating stronger anthropogenic effects than the natural one of these elements in 2015 moss samples. High
correlation with Hg and Cd, typical elements of long-range atmospheric transport,
is probably indicating the strong effect of long-range transport. The mutual high
correlation between Cu and Zn is verified by linear regression analysis (Fig. 2.9). It
is probably derived from the emission from the brake wear which is likely an important emission source of these elements, and the lack of correlations with Pb indicates a low source from the vehicle exhaust.
2.3.2.5 Lead
Pb is not a common element of earth crust and is mostly present in different ores and
minerals (UNEP 2013). It can enter in the air through the natural and the anthropogenic processes. Pb contents in moss samples varied from 0.51 mg kg
−1
to
14.54 mg kg
−1
, lower than 2010 (1.34–19.7 mg kg
−1
), while the average concentrations of 2015 and 2010 are very close to each other (3.011 mg kg
−1
and 3.12 mg kg
−1
,
respectively). The Pb concentration in moss samples of Albania is lower compared
to the mosses of the most European countries (Lazo et al. 2018; Harmens et al. 2013).
The spatial analysis plot shows diverse distribution of Pb content in the country.
It is confirmed by high variation (CV% = 93% > 75%) and high values of skewness
and kurtosis (2.1 and 5.5, respectively) indicating a high disparity of the Pb concentration in moss samples. The highest concentration level was found in St. 44 and 45
22.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
125
100
75
50
25
0
S
1 1.7195
R-Sq
48.7%
R-Sq(adj)
4 7.7%
Cu
Zn
Regression
95% CI
95% PI
Fitted Line Plot
Zn = - 9.913 + 3.062 Cu
Fig. 2.9 Linear regression analysis between Cu and Zn
2 Spatial Series and Multivariate Analysis in Assessing the Essential (Cu and Zn…