400
The content of As was higher in the roots, leaves, and stems of Thymus species,
while the content of Tl was significantly higher in the roots, flowers, and leaves in
all investigated T. alsarensis specimens. Such behavior of As, Sb, and Tl was
confirmed by extraction tests with various solvents of soil samples collected from
the same locations as Thymus specimens. It was established that in the extraction
solutions of 0.1 M HCl, water, or DTPA, the mostly available element was Tl.
The content of As was significantly higher in the roots, leaves, and stems, while
the content of Tl was significantly higher in the roots of Centaurea specimens which
was also confirmed by the extraction tests with various solvents of soil samples collected from the same locations. It was established that in all extraction solutions, Tl
was the most extractable element.
The results showed that the accumulation of As and Tl in other endemic species
from the Allchar locality (Onobrychis degenii, Knautia caroli-rechingeri, and
Centaurea kavadarensis species) was significantly high, and they were able to
hyperaccumulate toxic elements in their roots and shoots. Accumulation of these
elements in the studied endemic species may be used as a valuable tool for bioindication, while, on the other hand, the accumulation of these toxic elements in the
plants causes high risk to human and animal health. It was established that in all
extraction solutions, Tl was the most extractable element.
References
Alloway BJ (1995) Heavy metals in soils. Blackie Academic & Professional, Glasgow
Amthauer G, Pavićević MK, Jelenković R, El Goresy A, Boev B, Lazić P (2012) State of geoscientific research within the lorandite experiment (LOREX). Miner Petrol 105:157–169
Antosiewicz DM (2004) Study of calcium-dependent lead tolerance on plants differing in their
level of Ca-deficiency tolerance. Environ Pollut 134:23–34
Bačeva K, Stafilov T, Matevski V (2014a) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by endemic Viola
species from the soil in the vicinity of the As-Sb-Tl mine “Allchar”, Republic of Macedonia.
Int J Phytoremediation 16:347
Bačeva K, Stafilov T, Šajn R, Tănăselia C, Makreski P (2014b) Distribution of chemical elements
in soils and stream sediments in the area of abandoned Sb-As-Tl Allchar mine, Republic of
Macedonia. Environ Res 133:77
Bačeva K, Stafilov T, Matevski V (2016) Distribution and mobility of toxic metals in Thymus alsarensis Ronniger in the Allchar As-Sb-Tl Mine, Republic of Macedonia. Plant Biosyst 149:884
Bačeva Andonovska K, Stafilov T, Matevski V (2018a) Accumulation of some toxic elements
in relation to their mobility in Centaurea leucomalla Bornm. species from the vicinity of an
As-Sb-Tl abandoned mine, Allchar, Kožuf mountain. J Environ Protec Ecol 19(2):609–619
Bačeva Andonovska K, Stafilov T, Matevski V (2018b) Bioaccumulation of some toxic elements
by endemic plant species Onobrychis degenii Dörfler, Knautia caroli-rechingeri Micev. and
Centaurea kavadarensis Micev. from Allchar locality, Republic of Macedonia. Geol Maced
32(1):33–44
Baker AJM (1981) Accumulators and excluders – strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals. J Plant Nutr 3:643–654
Baker AJM, Walker PL (1990) Ecophysiology of metal uptake by tolerant plants. In: Shaw AJ (ed)
Heavy metal tolerance in plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton
K. B. Andonovska et al.
The content of As was higher in the roots, leaves, and stems of Thymus species,
while the content of Tl was significantly higher in the roots, flowers, and leaves in
all investigated T. alsarensis specimens. Such behavior of As, Sb, and Tl was
confirmed by extraction tests with various solvents of soil samples collected from
the same locations as Thymus specimens. It was established that in the extraction
solutions of 0.1 M HCl, water, or DTPA, the mostly available element was Tl.
The content of As was significantly higher in the roots, leaves, and stems, while
the content of Tl was significantly higher in the roots of Centaurea specimens which
was also confirmed by the extraction tests with various solvents of soil samples collected from the same locations. It was established that in all extraction solutions, Tl
was the most extractable element.
The results showed that the accumulation of As and Tl in other endemic species
from the Allchar locality (Onobrychis degenii, Knautia caroli-rechingeri, and
Centaurea kavadarensis species) was significantly high, and they were able to
hyperaccumulate toxic elements in their roots and shoots. Accumulation of these
elements in the studied endemic species may be used as a valuable tool for bioindication, while, on the other hand, the accumulation of these toxic elements in the
plants causes high risk to human and animal health. It was established that in all
extraction solutions, Tl was the most extractable element.
References
Alloway BJ (1995) Heavy metals in soils. Blackie Academic & Professional, Glasgow
Amthauer G, Pavićević MK, Jelenković R, El Goresy A, Boev B, Lazić P (2012) State of geoscientific research within the lorandite experiment (LOREX). Miner Petrol 105:157–169
Antosiewicz DM (2004) Study of calcium-dependent lead tolerance on plants differing in their
level of Ca-deficiency tolerance. Environ Pollut 134:23–34
Bačeva K, Stafilov T, Matevski V (2014a) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by endemic Viola
species from the soil in the vicinity of the As-Sb-Tl mine “Allchar”, Republic of Macedonia.
Int J Phytoremediation 16:347
Bačeva K, Stafilov T, Šajn R, Tănăselia C, Makreski P (2014b) Distribution of chemical elements
in soils and stream sediments in the area of abandoned Sb-As-Tl Allchar mine, Republic of
Macedonia. Environ Res 133:77
Bačeva K, Stafilov T, Matevski V (2016) Distribution and mobility of toxic metals in Thymus alsarensis Ronniger in the Allchar As-Sb-Tl Mine, Republic of Macedonia. Plant Biosyst 149:884
Bačeva Andonovska K, Stafilov T, Matevski V (2018a) Accumulation of some toxic elements
in relation to their mobility in Centaurea leucomalla Bornm. species from the vicinity of an
As-Sb-Tl abandoned mine, Allchar, Kožuf mountain. J Environ Protec Ecol 19(2):609–619
Bačeva Andonovska K, Stafilov T, Matevski V (2018b) Bioaccumulation of some toxic elements
by endemic plant species Onobrychis degenii Dörfler, Knautia caroli-rechingeri Micev. and
Centaurea kavadarensis Micev. from Allchar locality, Republic of Macedonia. Geol Maced
32(1):33–44
Baker AJM (1981) Accumulators and excluders – strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals. J Plant Nutr 3:643–654
Baker AJM, Walker PL (1990) Ecophysiology of metal uptake by tolerant plants. In: Shaw AJ (ed)
Heavy metal tolerance in plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton
K. B. Andonovska et al.