383
– Reagent for extraction of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-calcium chloridetriethanolamine (DTPA-CaCl 2 -TEA). This extraction solution is very often used
to determine the extraction of trace elements or biogenic elements which the
plant most often uses for its growth and development.
– Dissolution with low pH value was used to determine potentially accessible
forms that were difficult to extract from the soil. In this case, 0.1 M HCl solution
was used.
With the simulation of these extraction solutions, we managed to determine the
level of available soil elements where plants were being developed.
13.2.4 Instrumentation
All analyzed elements were determined by the application of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, ICP-AES (Varian, 715- ES), applying
additional ultrasonic nebulizer CETAC (ICP/U-5000AT
+
) for better sensitivity. For
this investigation, certified reference materials were used to validate the method for
all considered elements, and the difference between measured and certified values
was satisfied ranging within 15%. Thus, the quality control was ensured by standard
moss reference materials M2 and M3 (Steinnes et al. 1997) as well as JSAC 0401
soil reference material. The measured concentrations were in good agreement with
the recommended values.
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 Viola Species
The content of all analyzed elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga,
K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn) of all three endemic
Viola species (V. allchariensis, V. arsenica, and V. macedonica) were obtained
(Bačeva et al. 2014a). For the comparison in Table 13.1, data for the median content
of As, Sb, and Tl and their minima and maxima in different plant parts (roots, stems,
leaves, flowers, and seeds) are presented.
Because all three Viola species grow at the Allchar locality and this endemic
plant species are exposed to excess amounts of As, Sb, and Tl that are present in the
soil (Volkov et al. 2006; Boev and Jelenkovic 2012; Bačeva et al. 2014b), particular
attention was given to the content of As, Sb, and Tl. Data about the content of these
elements in different parts of the Viola species collected from all six locations are
given in Table 13.1. Mass fractions of As, Sb, and Tl in different plant parts of Viola
species collected from all six locations are presented in Fig. 13.5a–c.
13 Accumulation Abilities of Endemic Plant Species from the Vicinity of an As-Sb-Tl…
– Reagent for extraction of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-calcium chloridetriethanolamine (DTPA-CaCl 2 -TEA). This extraction solution is very often used
to determine the extraction of trace elements or biogenic elements which the
plant most often uses for its growth and development.
– Dissolution with low pH value was used to determine potentially accessible
forms that were difficult to extract from the soil. In this case, 0.1 M HCl solution
was used.
With the simulation of these extraction solutions, we managed to determine the
level of available soil elements where plants were being developed.
13.2.4 Instrumentation
All analyzed elements were determined by the application of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, ICP-AES (Varian, 715- ES), applying
additional ultrasonic nebulizer CETAC (ICP/U-5000AT
+
) for better sensitivity. For
this investigation, certified reference materials were used to validate the method for
all considered elements, and the difference between measured and certified values
was satisfied ranging within 15%. Thus, the quality control was ensured by standard
moss reference materials M2 and M3 (Steinnes et al. 1997) as well as JSAC 0401
soil reference material. The measured concentrations were in good agreement with
the recommended values.
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 Viola Species
The content of all analyzed elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga,
K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn) of all three endemic
Viola species (V. allchariensis, V. arsenica, and V. macedonica) were obtained
(Bačeva et al. 2014a). For the comparison in Table 13.1, data for the median content
of As, Sb, and Tl and their minima and maxima in different plant parts (roots, stems,
leaves, flowers, and seeds) are presented.
Because all three Viola species grow at the Allchar locality and this endemic
plant species are exposed to excess amounts of As, Sb, and Tl that are present in the
soil (Volkov et al. 2006; Boev and Jelenkovic 2012; Bačeva et al. 2014b), particular
attention was given to the content of As, Sb, and Tl. Data about the content of these
elements in different parts of the Viola species collected from all six locations are
given in Table 13.1. Mass fractions of As, Sb, and Tl in different plant parts of Viola
species collected from all six locations are presented in Fig. 13.5a–c.
13 Accumulation Abilities of Endemic Plant Species from the Vicinity of an As-Sb-Tl…