361
Italy leads, followed by France, Spain, Portugal and Greece. The largest number of
protected products is agricultural and food products such as meat, cheese, cereals,
fruits, vegetables and oils (Giovannucci et al. 2009).
The importance of food with a geographical indication is seen through several
positive influences on economic aspects. First of all, it was determined that products
with geographical indications have higher prices (by an average of 20–50%), as
given by Vandecandelaere et al. (2018). The higher price of these products comes
from the costs that arise during the registration and certification procedures. Since
the concept of the geographical indication is such as to protect producers from
unfair competition, it is clear that those who have invested in the process of protecting the origin of their product can expect higher earnings, which are returned to
them through the placement of these products. On the other hand, this way of doing
business, when producers see all the benefits and embark on the registration process, reduces the number of those who operate within the ‘grey economy’, because
the registration and certification process redirect them to legal flows, which undoubtedly have significance for the state budget. The export of protected products to the
world market has been facilitated because the labels are recognizable everywhere in
the world. Then, in the long run, there is a positive impact on the volume of production, because due to the increase in demand and market expansion, the production
of a particular product increases, in order to meet the demands of the market
(Vandecandelaere et al. 2018). The protection of products by geographical indications of origin avoids the effect of market price volatility because primary producers, thanks to the minimum agreed price within their associations, are protected
from these fluctuations. Then, the impact on the economy is reflected in the fact that
certain products that are not protected by geographical indications and originate
from the same geographical area in which the product of the same category, but
protected geographical origin, increase its price based on the reputation of the product label (Vandecandelaere et al. 2018). All this together has an impact on accelerating production in a certain region, which certainly has an impact on the local
development of underdeveloped areas. In this way, new jobs are created at a certain
destination, the number of employees increases, and at the same time, all this represents a potential chance for the development of tourism.
12.2.1 Food Authenticity
The authenticity or originality of a food means the authenticity of all the information highlighted on it, from the name of the food, the list of ingredients, the net
amount of filling or the origin of the food. By using a food name defined by regulations (e.g. liver pate, rye bread or butter), the manufacturer undertakes to ensure that
his product meets the standard quality criteria prescribed for that name. Thus, liver
pate must, inter alia, contain ≥10% liver, rye bread must be produced from ≥70%
rye flour, and butter must have ≤16% water, in order to be authentic (Vandecandelaere
et al. 2018). Deviations from such limit values are considered non-compliances with
12 Characterization of Multi-element Profiles and Multi-isotope Ratio Records as…
Italy leads, followed by France, Spain, Portugal and Greece. The largest number of
protected products is agricultural and food products such as meat, cheese, cereals,
fruits, vegetables and oils (Giovannucci et al. 2009).
The importance of food with a geographical indication is seen through several
positive influences on economic aspects. First of all, it was determined that products
with geographical indications have higher prices (by an average of 20–50%), as
given by Vandecandelaere et al. (2018). The higher price of these products comes
from the costs that arise during the registration and certification procedures. Since
the concept of the geographical indication is such as to protect producers from
unfair competition, it is clear that those who have invested in the process of protecting the origin of their product can expect higher earnings, which are returned to
them through the placement of these products. On the other hand, this way of doing
business, when producers see all the benefits and embark on the registration process, reduces the number of those who operate within the ‘grey economy’, because
the registration and certification process redirect them to legal flows, which undoubtedly have significance for the state budget. The export of protected products to the
world market has been facilitated because the labels are recognizable everywhere in
the world. Then, in the long run, there is a positive impact on the volume of production, because due to the increase in demand and market expansion, the production
of a particular product increases, in order to meet the demands of the market
(Vandecandelaere et al. 2018). The protection of products by geographical indications of origin avoids the effect of market price volatility because primary producers, thanks to the minimum agreed price within their associations, are protected
from these fluctuations. Then, the impact on the economy is reflected in the fact that
certain products that are not protected by geographical indications and originate
from the same geographical area in which the product of the same category, but
protected geographical origin, increase its price based on the reputation of the product label (Vandecandelaere et al. 2018). All this together has an impact on accelerating production in a certain region, which certainly has an impact on the local
development of underdeveloped areas. In this way, new jobs are created at a certain
destination, the number of employees increases, and at the same time, all this represents a potential chance for the development of tourism.
12.2.1 Food Authenticity
The authenticity or originality of a food means the authenticity of all the information highlighted on it, from the name of the food, the list of ingredients, the net
amount of filling or the origin of the food. By using a food name defined by regulations (e.g. liver pate, rye bread or butter), the manufacturer undertakes to ensure that
his product meets the standard quality criteria prescribed for that name. Thus, liver
pate must, inter alia, contain ≥10% liver, rye bread must be produced from ≥70%
rye flour, and butter must have ≤16% water, in order to be authentic (Vandecandelaere
et al. 2018). Deviations from such limit values are considered non-compliances with
12 Characterization of Multi-element Profiles and Multi-isotope Ratio Records as…