9
The future and behavior of organic pollutants in the soil are influenced by soil
characteristics, compound properties, and environmental factors, such as temperature and troughs. Possible future of soil pollutants include groundwater leakage,
biodegradation, aeration, binding to soil solids, and transfer to organisms. Soil can
act as a “reservoir” of anthropogenic organic pollutants in environmental systems
due to the fact that the soil has the ability to greatly reduce anthropogenic organic
pollutants (Mocarelli 1992). These processes include absorption-desorption in the
soil-water interaction, accumulation of plants from the soil solution in the root-soilrhizosphere interaction, and accumulation of soil microbes from the soil solution in
the soil-microorganism interaction. The “storage” of organic pollutants in the soil is
controlled by absorption and sequestration of the soil solution, while the “discharge”
is regulated by desorption in the soil solution and accumulation and degradation of
the plant and soil microorganisms.
Each shift of the natural balance of distribution of biodegradable components in
the environment leads to the creation of a specific state in different parts of the environment. Physico-chemical and biological processes and interactions are intensified
specifically in conditions of anthropogenic influence on the natural balance of
organic and inorganic compounds of the biosphere (Gomes et al. 2017).
Of particular importance are the interactions of soil-water-air-organisms.
Diffusion is the only mode of molecular transmission in hydroscopic and capillary
waters (Altenburger et al. 2013). In general, the transfer of the organic compound
from the soil particles in other phases, such as plants and microorganisms, is controlled by dissolved species and concentrations of the compound in soil environments where there is water (Altenburger et al. 2013). This is due to the fact that the
particles in the soil are always surrounded by aqueous films permeating their surface which has a certain polarity and the bisexual water molecules (Altenburger
et al. 2013). Furthermore, the nutrition of soil plants and organisms, such as soil
bacteria, depends on organic and inorganic compounds dissolved in soil water
(Altenburger et al. 2013). Therefore, the distribution of the organic compound in the
particles in the soil, air, plants, and microorganisms and their transfer between these
phases largely depend on the different physico-chemical and biological interfacial
relations related to the water in the soil. These processes include absorption-desorption in the particle-water system, release into the soil air through evaporation of soil
water into the water-air system, accumulation of plants from soil water into the rootwater system, and accumulation of soil microorganisms from water into microbiological-soil system. The distribution of the organic molecule in these interfaces is in
a dynamic state. The statistically obvious balance between the concentrations of the
organic compounds in the soil particles and the other phases, such as the water in
the soil, can finally be achieved, which helps to understand the interfacial behavior
of the organic compounds and their locations in different soil compartments.
Although pollutant concentrations in soil, water, and other phases in natural systems
may shift from equilibrium, statistical equilibrium data can serve as a necessary
guide for the direction of pollutant movement at a given point in time, and this is
most likely due to previous pollution. This data is very important to explain whether
individual ecosystems (such as soil particles) function as a disposal site (receiving
pollutants) or as a source (releasing pollutants) under certain conditions.
1 General Aspects of Environmental Degradation vs. Technological Development…
The future and behavior of organic pollutants in the soil are influenced by soil
characteristics, compound properties, and environmental factors, such as temperature and troughs. Possible future of soil pollutants include groundwater leakage,
biodegradation, aeration, binding to soil solids, and transfer to organisms. Soil can
act as a “reservoir” of anthropogenic organic pollutants in environmental systems
due to the fact that the soil has the ability to greatly reduce anthropogenic organic
pollutants (Mocarelli 1992). These processes include absorption-desorption in the
soil-water interaction, accumulation of plants from the soil solution in the root-soilrhizosphere interaction, and accumulation of soil microbes from the soil solution in
the soil-microorganism interaction. The “storage” of organic pollutants in the soil is
controlled by absorption and sequestration of the soil solution, while the “discharge”
is regulated by desorption in the soil solution and accumulation and degradation of
the plant and soil microorganisms.
Each shift of the natural balance of distribution of biodegradable components in
the environment leads to the creation of a specific state in different parts of the environment. Physico-chemical and biological processes and interactions are intensified
specifically in conditions of anthropogenic influence on the natural balance of
organic and inorganic compounds of the biosphere (Gomes et al. 2017).
Of particular importance are the interactions of soil-water-air-organisms.
Diffusion is the only mode of molecular transmission in hydroscopic and capillary
waters (Altenburger et al. 2013). In general, the transfer of the organic compound
from the soil particles in other phases, such as plants and microorganisms, is controlled by dissolved species and concentrations of the compound in soil environments where there is water (Altenburger et al. 2013). This is due to the fact that the
particles in the soil are always surrounded by aqueous films permeating their surface which has a certain polarity and the bisexual water molecules (Altenburger
et al. 2013). Furthermore, the nutrition of soil plants and organisms, such as soil
bacteria, depends on organic and inorganic compounds dissolved in soil water
(Altenburger et al. 2013). Therefore, the distribution of the organic compound in the
particles in the soil, air, plants, and microorganisms and their transfer between these
phases largely depend on the different physico-chemical and biological interfacial
relations related to the water in the soil. These processes include absorption-desorption in the particle-water system, release into the soil air through evaporation of soil
water into the water-air system, accumulation of plants from soil water into the rootwater system, and accumulation of soil microorganisms from water into microbiological-soil system. The distribution of the organic molecule in these interfaces is in
a dynamic state. The statistically obvious balance between the concentrations of the
organic compounds in the soil particles and the other phases, such as the water in
the soil, can finally be achieved, which helps to understand the interfacial behavior
of the organic compounds and their locations in different soil compartments.
Although pollutant concentrations in soil, water, and other phases in natural systems
may shift from equilibrium, statistical equilibrium data can serve as a necessary
guide for the direction of pollutant movement at a given point in time, and this is
most likely due to previous pollution. This data is very important to explain whether
individual ecosystems (such as soil particles) function as a disposal site (receiving
pollutants) or as a source (releasing pollutants) under certain conditions.
1 General Aspects of Environmental Degradation vs. Technological Development…