213
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2021
B. Balabanova, T. Stafilov (eds.), Contaminant Levels and Ecological Effects,
Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66135-9_7
Chapter 7
Improving Quantitative Analysis
of GC-MS for Tracking Potential
Contaminants in Groundwater
Biljana Kovacevik, Zoran Zdravkovski, Sasa Mitrev,
and Natalija Markova Ruzdik
Abstract The behavior of nonvolatiles benalaxyl, buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, malathion, methomyl, metribuzin, pirimiphos methyl, pyrimethanil, triadimenol, penconazole, and pirimicarb is investigated when increased pressure injection of 10, 20,
30, 40, and 50 psi and vent time of 0.5 and 1.5 min are used during the injection
time. The result showed that the peak area obtained during the increased pressure of
50 psi significantly differs from the peak area obtained when the classical hot splitless injection was performed. No significant difference was observed between the
investigated vent times. The proposed method using 50 psi for vent time of 0.5 min
was validated for benalaxyl, buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, pirimiphos methyl, pyrimethanil, pirimicarb, and triadimenol. The presence of these pesticides was investigated
in the groundwater of the investigated area. Pyrimethanil was detected in 3 out of 20
investigated samples in a maximum concentration of 0.3392 μg/l. Chlorpyrifos was
detected in only one sample in a concentration of 0.0367 μg/l. Correlation analysis
was performed to find a possible relationship between the presence of pesticides and
ions which predominantly results from human activities. Positive correlation with
sulfates and potassium as well as low Na/Cl ratio suggests that pesticides are probably derived in groundwater leaching from the surface area.
B. Kovacevik (*) · S. Mitrev
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Goce Delčev
University, Štip, Republic of North Macedonia
e-mail: biljana.kovacevik@ugd.edu.mk
Z. Zdravkovski
Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius
University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
N. Markova Ruzdik
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Goce Delčev University,
Štip, Republic of North Macedonia
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2021
B. Balabanova, T. Stafilov (eds.), Contaminant Levels and Ecological Effects,
Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66135-9_7
Chapter 7
Improving Quantitative Analysis
of GC-MS for Tracking Potential
Contaminants in Groundwater
Biljana Kovacevik, Zoran Zdravkovski, Sasa Mitrev,
and Natalija Markova Ruzdik
Abstract The behavior of nonvolatiles benalaxyl, buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, malathion, methomyl, metribuzin, pirimiphos methyl, pyrimethanil, triadimenol, penconazole, and pirimicarb is investigated when increased pressure injection of 10, 20,
30, 40, and 50 psi and vent time of 0.5 and 1.5 min are used during the injection
time. The result showed that the peak area obtained during the increased pressure of
50 psi significantly differs from the peak area obtained when the classical hot splitless injection was performed. No significant difference was observed between the
investigated vent times. The proposed method using 50 psi for vent time of 0.5 min
was validated for benalaxyl, buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, pirimiphos methyl, pyrimethanil, pirimicarb, and triadimenol. The presence of these pesticides was investigated
in the groundwater of the investigated area. Pyrimethanil was detected in 3 out of 20
investigated samples in a maximum concentration of 0.3392 μg/l. Chlorpyrifos was
detected in only one sample in a concentration of 0.0367 μg/l. Correlation analysis
was performed to find a possible relationship between the presence of pesticides and
ions which predominantly results from human activities. Positive correlation with
sulfates and potassium as well as low Na/Cl ratio suggests that pesticides are probably derived in groundwater leaching from the surface area.
B. Kovacevik (*) · S. Mitrev
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Goce Delčev
University, Štip, Republic of North Macedonia
e-mail: biljana.kovacevik@ugd.edu.mk
Z. Zdravkovski
Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius
University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
N. Markova Ruzdik
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Goce Delčev University,
Štip, Republic of North Macedonia