6
• Trichloroethylene
• Perchlorate
• Various chemical compounds found in personal care products and cosmetics
Most common inorganic water pollutants and occurrences are:
• Acidity caused by industrial discharges (especially sulfur dioxide from power
plants)
• Ammonia from food processing waste
• Chemical waste as an industrial by-product
• Artificial fertilizers containing nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) found in rainwater that passes through agricultural areas, as well as for commercial and
domestic use
• Heavy metals from motor vehicles (which reach the rainwater) and discharges
from acid ores
Thermal pollution is an increase or decrease in the temperature of a natural water
basin and is caused by human influence. Unlike chemicals, thermal pollution results
in changes in the physical properties of water. A common cause of thermal pollution
is the use of water as a coolant in power plants or industrial production. Rising water
temperatures reduce oxygen levels (which can cause fish death) and affect the composition of the ecosystem, for example, by invading thermophilic species
(Barceló 2007).
Industry is one of the largest sources of water pollution considering that more
than 50% of wastewater comes from industrial industries that often discharge it into
surface water directly or indirectly without prior treatment (Barceló 2007; Dvoršćak
et al. 2019).
The amount of municipal wastewater depends on the number of households of
the population, the organization of communal services for rainwater drainage
through sewerage systems and treatment systems, the disposal of municipal waste
in appropriate landfills and proper handling, etc. (Richardson and Kimura 2016).
Municipal wastewater is completely biodegradable because it is mostly loaded with
organic matter, which is mostly of plant and animal origin (Richardson and Kimura
2016). However, due to the changes in the lifestyle of the inhabitants that have
occurred in recent decades, the quality of municipal wastewater is changing, especially due to the presence of synthetic detergents for washing, laundry, and other
sanitary needs. Pollution of the city communal waters is increasing from the roads
due to the use of salt, sand, etc. substances in the winter months (Richardson and
Kimura 2016). These substances reach the rivers or water reservoirs by washing the
streets directly or through the sewerage network for atmospheric rains (Richardson
and Kimura 2016). Municipal communal waters, especially fecal and waters originating from organic landfills, are also polluted biologically with pathogenic viruses,
bacteria, parasites, and other microorganisms (Misra et al. 1994; Brack et al. 2016).
Modern agriculture disturbs the environment in many ways. Hedges are being
removed to bring in large machinery, which makes agriculture economically viable.
This destroys habitats and disrupts complex food chains and their connections.
B. Balabanova
• Trichloroethylene
• Perchlorate
• Various chemical compounds found in personal care products and cosmetics
Most common inorganic water pollutants and occurrences are:
• Acidity caused by industrial discharges (especially sulfur dioxide from power
plants)
• Ammonia from food processing waste
• Chemical waste as an industrial by-product
• Artificial fertilizers containing nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) found in rainwater that passes through agricultural areas, as well as for commercial and
domestic use
• Heavy metals from motor vehicles (which reach the rainwater) and discharges
from acid ores
Thermal pollution is an increase or decrease in the temperature of a natural water
basin and is caused by human influence. Unlike chemicals, thermal pollution results
in changes in the physical properties of water. A common cause of thermal pollution
is the use of water as a coolant in power plants or industrial production. Rising water
temperatures reduce oxygen levels (which can cause fish death) and affect the composition of the ecosystem, for example, by invading thermophilic species
(Barceló 2007).
Industry is one of the largest sources of water pollution considering that more
than 50% of wastewater comes from industrial industries that often discharge it into
surface water directly or indirectly without prior treatment (Barceló 2007; Dvoršćak
et al. 2019).
The amount of municipal wastewater depends on the number of households of
the population, the organization of communal services for rainwater drainage
through sewerage systems and treatment systems, the disposal of municipal waste
in appropriate landfills and proper handling, etc. (Richardson and Kimura 2016).
Municipal wastewater is completely biodegradable because it is mostly loaded with
organic matter, which is mostly of plant and animal origin (Richardson and Kimura
2016). However, due to the changes in the lifestyle of the inhabitants that have
occurred in recent decades, the quality of municipal wastewater is changing, especially due to the presence of synthetic detergents for washing, laundry, and other
sanitary needs. Pollution of the city communal waters is increasing from the roads
due to the use of salt, sand, etc. substances in the winter months (Richardson and
Kimura 2016). These substances reach the rivers or water reservoirs by washing the
streets directly or through the sewerage network for atmospheric rains (Richardson
and Kimura 2016). Municipal communal waters, especially fecal and waters originating from organic landfills, are also polluted biologically with pathogenic viruses,
bacteria, parasites, and other microorganisms (Misra et al. 1994; Brack et al. 2016).
Modern agriculture disturbs the environment in many ways. Hedges are being
removed to bring in large machinery, which makes agriculture economically viable.
This destroys habitats and disrupts complex food chains and their connections.
B. Balabanova