60
T. V. Ramachandra and S. Bharath
published literature based on the rigorous distinctive biomass experiments. The study
region (Karnataka State) was divided into 2597 grids of 5
× 5
(or 9 km × 9 km)
grids corresponding to 5
× 5
grids of 1:50,000 topographic maps of the Survey
of India. Select grids corresponding to agroclimatic zones were chosen for biomass
and carbon estimation through field investigations. The basal area, height, vegetation
type (evergreen, deciduous, semievergreen, moist deciduous, scrub forests), diversity, biomass, carbon, etc., were estimated aiding field data. The comprehensive field
evaluations were done across various forest cover types with about 424 transects
in Uttara Kannada, Dharwad, Shimoga, Udupi, Chikmagalur, Dakshina Kannada,
and Kodagu districts. The number of quadrats per transects varied between 3 and 5
depending on the occurrence of species in the sampling locality. The biomass was
estimated using GBH or DBH (girth/diameter at breast height) for the trees >30 cm.
The transect data and standard literature data were used for biomass quantification. The biomass, annual increment in biomass of various forest types, sequestered
carbon, productivity have been computed using field data integrating with the information compiled from literature, which are listed in Tables 1 and 2. The probable
relationship of biomass with the vegetation cover has been evaluated through multivariate regression analysis across coastal, Sahyadri, plain regions of Karnataka. The
carbon for above ground vegetation is computed as 50% of AGB value. The carbon
is deposited in the soil as soil organic matter in both organic (SOC) and inorganic
forms. SOC is calculated based on the field estimations in top 30 cm soil for different
forests (Table 3) and mean soil carbon reported in the literature [31, 55, 40].
3.2 Quantification of Carbon Emission from Various Sectors
Data pertaining to emission for sectors such as agriculture, livestock, industry, energy,
transportation, etc., were compiled from published literature.
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agricultural residue burning is practiced in some taluks across Karnataka. Emissions
due to crop residue burning were computed as per the guidelines of IPCC and literature [11, 61] based on the area of crop grown to the standard crop residue ratio.
The total emission is estimated by summing of CO 2 ; methane (CH 4 ) and Carbon
monoxide (CO) (its equivalent CO 2 ) values [17, 33]. The emission from agriculture
residue (AR e ) burning is estimated as,
AR e =
3
i=1
Cropresidueratio × emissioncoefficient
(1)
T. V. Ramachandra and S. Bharath
published literature based on the rigorous distinctive biomass experiments. The study
region (Karnataka State) was divided into 2597 grids of 5
× 5
(or 9 km × 9 km)
grids corresponding to 5
× 5
grids of 1:50,000 topographic maps of the Survey
of India. Select grids corresponding to agroclimatic zones were chosen for biomass
and carbon estimation through field investigations. The basal area, height, vegetation
type (evergreen, deciduous, semievergreen, moist deciduous, scrub forests), diversity, biomass, carbon, etc., were estimated aiding field data. The comprehensive field
evaluations were done across various forest cover types with about 424 transects
in Uttara Kannada, Dharwad, Shimoga, Udupi, Chikmagalur, Dakshina Kannada,
and Kodagu districts. The number of quadrats per transects varied between 3 and 5
depending on the occurrence of species in the sampling locality. The biomass was
estimated using GBH or DBH (girth/diameter at breast height) for the trees >30 cm.
The transect data and standard literature data were used for biomass quantification. The biomass, annual increment in biomass of various forest types, sequestered
carbon, productivity have been computed using field data integrating with the information compiled from literature, which are listed in Tables 1 and 2. The probable
relationship of biomass with the vegetation cover has been evaluated through multivariate regression analysis across coastal, Sahyadri, plain regions of Karnataka. The
carbon for above ground vegetation is computed as 50% of AGB value. The carbon
is deposited in the soil as soil organic matter in both organic (SOC) and inorganic
forms. SOC is calculated based on the field estimations in top 30 cm soil for different
forests (Table 3) and mean soil carbon reported in the literature [31, 55, 40].
3.2 Quantification of Carbon Emission from Various Sectors
Data pertaining to emission for sectors such as agriculture, livestock, industry, energy,
transportation, etc., were compiled from published literature.
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agricultural residue burning is practiced in some taluks across Karnataka. Emissions
due to crop residue burning were computed as per the guidelines of IPCC and literature [11, 61] based on the area of crop grown to the standard crop residue ratio.
The total emission is estimated by summing of CO 2 ; methane (CH 4 ) and Carbon
monoxide (CO) (its equivalent CO 2 ) values [17, 33]. The emission from agriculture
residue (AR e ) burning is estimated as,
AR e =
3
i=1
Cropresidueratio × emissioncoefficient
(1)