Carbon Footprint: Concept, Methodology and Calculation
29
28. IPCC (International Panel for Climate Change) (2006) IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse
gas inventories, chapter 3. LUCF sector good practice guidance
29. ISO 14064–1, (2018) Greenhouse gases - Part 1 Specification with guidance at the organization
level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals
30. International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) (2006a) ISO 14040 - Environmental
management—life cycle assessment— principles and framework. Switzerland, Geneva
31. International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) (2006b) ISO 14044 - Environmental
management—life cycle assessment— requirements and guidelines. Switzerland, Geneva
32. Isaksen ET, Narbel PA (2017) A carbon footprint proportional to expenditure - A case for
Norway? Ecol Econ 131:152–165
33. Joint Research Centre (2010) ILCD handbook: general guide for Life Cycle Assessment:
detailed guidance. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
34. Joint Research Centre (2011) Recommendations for life cycle impact assessment in the European context - based on existing environmental impact assessment models and factors (International Reference Life Cycle Data System - ILCD handbook). Publications Office of the
European Union, Luxemburg
35. Jørgensen SV, Hauschild MZ (2013) Need for relevant timescales when crediting temporary
carbon storage. Int J Life Cycle Assess 18(4):747–754
36. Kendall A (2012) Time-adjusted global warming potentials for LCA and carbon footprints. Int
J Life Cycle Assess 17(8):1042–1049
37. Kenny T, Gray NF (2009) Comparative performance of six carbon footprint models for use in
Ireland. Environ Impact Assess Rev 29(1):1–6
38. Kim B, Neff R (2009) Measurement and communication of greenhouse gas emissions from
U.S. Food consumption via carbon calculators. Ecol Econ 69(1):186–196
39. Kua HW, Kamath S (2014) An attributional and consequential life cycle assessment of
substituting concrete with bricks. J Cleaner Prod 81:190–200
40. Kua HW, Lu Y (2016) Environmental impacts of substituting tempered glass with polycarbonate in construction–An attributional and consequential life cycle perspective. J Cleaner
Prod 137:910–921
41. L.E.K. Consulting LLP (2007) The L.E.K. Consulting carbon footprint report 2007: Carbon
footprints and the evolution of brand–consumer relationships. L.E.K. Consulting Research
Insights, I. London, L.E.K. LLB.
42. Laurent A, Olsen SI, Hauschild MZ (2012). Limitations of carbon footprint as indicator of
environmental sustainability. Environ Sci Technol 46(7):4100-4108
43. Levasseur A, Lesage P, Margni M, Deschênes L, Samson R (2010) Considering time in LCA:
dynamic LCA and its application to global warming impact assessments. Environ Sci Technol
44:3169–3174
44. Lueddeckens S, Saling P, Guenther E (2020) Temporal issues in life cycle assessment—a
systematic review. Int J Life Cycle Assess 1–17
45. Maciel VG, Zortea RB, Grillo IB, Ugaya CML, Einloft S, Seferin M (2016) Greenhouse gases
assessment of soybean cultivation steps in southern Brazil. J Cleaner Prod 131:747–753
46. Mallapragada DS, Mignone BK (2020) A theoretical basis for the equivalence between physical
and economic climate metrics and implications for the choice of Global Warming Potential
time horizon. Climatic Change 158(2):107–124
47. Manfredi S, Allacker K, Pelletier N, Schau E, Chomkhamsri K, Pant R, Pennington D (2015)
Comparing the European Commission product environmental footprint method with other
environmental accounting methods. Int J Life Cycle Assess 20(3):389–404
48. McAuliffe GA, Takahashi T, Lee MR (2020) Applications of nutritional functional units in
commodity-level life cycle assessment (LCA) of agri-food systems. Int J Life Cycle Assess
25(2):208–221
49. Meloni I, Spissu E, Bhat CR (2011) The effect of personal cap-and-trade mileage policies on
individual activity-travel patterns: the activity locator project. Transp Lett Int J Transp Res
3:293–307
29
28. IPCC (International Panel for Climate Change) (2006) IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse
gas inventories, chapter 3. LUCF sector good practice guidance
29. ISO 14064–1, (2018) Greenhouse gases - Part 1 Specification with guidance at the organization
level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals
30. International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) (2006a) ISO 14040 - Environmental
management—life cycle assessment— principles and framework. Switzerland, Geneva
31. International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) (2006b) ISO 14044 - Environmental
management—life cycle assessment— requirements and guidelines. Switzerland, Geneva
32. Isaksen ET, Narbel PA (2017) A carbon footprint proportional to expenditure - A case for
Norway? Ecol Econ 131:152–165
33. Joint Research Centre (2010) ILCD handbook: general guide for Life Cycle Assessment:
detailed guidance. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
34. Joint Research Centre (2011) Recommendations for life cycle impact assessment in the European context - based on existing environmental impact assessment models and factors (International Reference Life Cycle Data System - ILCD handbook). Publications Office of the
European Union, Luxemburg
35. Jørgensen SV, Hauschild MZ (2013) Need for relevant timescales when crediting temporary
carbon storage. Int J Life Cycle Assess 18(4):747–754
36. Kendall A (2012) Time-adjusted global warming potentials for LCA and carbon footprints. Int
J Life Cycle Assess 17(8):1042–1049
37. Kenny T, Gray NF (2009) Comparative performance of six carbon footprint models for use in
Ireland. Environ Impact Assess Rev 29(1):1–6
38. Kim B, Neff R (2009) Measurement and communication of greenhouse gas emissions from
U.S. Food consumption via carbon calculators. Ecol Econ 69(1):186–196
39. Kua HW, Kamath S (2014) An attributional and consequential life cycle assessment of
substituting concrete with bricks. J Cleaner Prod 81:190–200
40. Kua HW, Lu Y (2016) Environmental impacts of substituting tempered glass with polycarbonate in construction–An attributional and consequential life cycle perspective. J Cleaner
Prod 137:910–921
41. L.E.K. Consulting LLP (2007) The L.E.K. Consulting carbon footprint report 2007: Carbon
footprints and the evolution of brand–consumer relationships. L.E.K. Consulting Research
Insights, I. London, L.E.K. LLB.
42. Laurent A, Olsen SI, Hauschild MZ (2012). Limitations of carbon footprint as indicator of
environmental sustainability. Environ Sci Technol 46(7):4100-4108
43. Levasseur A, Lesage P, Margni M, Deschênes L, Samson R (2010) Considering time in LCA:
dynamic LCA and its application to global warming impact assessments. Environ Sci Technol
44:3169–3174
44. Lueddeckens S, Saling P, Guenther E (2020) Temporal issues in life cycle assessment—a
systematic review. Int J Life Cycle Assess 1–17
45. Maciel VG, Zortea RB, Grillo IB, Ugaya CML, Einloft S, Seferin M (2016) Greenhouse gases
assessment of soybean cultivation steps in southern Brazil. J Cleaner Prod 131:747–753
46. Mallapragada DS, Mignone BK (2020) A theoretical basis for the equivalence between physical
and economic climate metrics and implications for the choice of Global Warming Potential
time horizon. Climatic Change 158(2):107–124
47. Manfredi S, Allacker K, Pelletier N, Schau E, Chomkhamsri K, Pant R, Pennington D (2015)
Comparing the European Commission product environmental footprint method with other
environmental accounting methods. Int J Life Cycle Assess 20(3):389–404
48. McAuliffe GA, Takahashi T, Lee MR (2020) Applications of nutritional functional units in
commodity-level life cycle assessment (LCA) of agri-food systems. Int J Life Cycle Assess
25(2):208–221
49. Meloni I, Spissu E, Bhat CR (2011) The effect of personal cap-and-trade mileage policies on
individual activity-travel patterns: the activity locator project. Transp Lett Int J Transp Res
3:293–307