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V. Nawandar et al.
(2) LPG fuelled corrugation heater with conventional grid electricity for other energy
needs and (3) LPG fuelled corrugation heater with grid-connected solar PV system
for other energy needs. By adopting such measures, the potential reduction in EF
for Mode 1, Mode 2, and Mode 3 was estimated at approximately 12.42%, 6.25%,
and 11.13% of the total EF, respectively. The EF of raw materials for existing mode
and the three energy modes are 88.2% (existing mode), 96.99% (Mode 1), 92.59%
(Mode 2) and 96.04% (Mode 3) of the total EF. The investment required for the above
three modes was also examined and economic payback period for Mode 1, Mode 2,
and Mode 3 was evaluated as 5.3 years, 1.2 years, and 4.3 years, respectively.
Keywords Paper packaging · Ecological footprint · Environmental assessment ·
Economic assessment · Solar PV system
1 Introduction
The natural capital is prerequisite for the manufacture of human-made products,
while the opposite is not [22]. This simply explains if natural resource exploitation
rate exceeds the regeneration rate of nature, the effects like global warming, increased
draughts, rising sea levels, etc. are visible. The ecological footprint can measure the
impact of utilization of resources, and it also gives a check on the load created by
human settlements on the planet.
To get a fish served in our dish, it is not just the fish stock but also the fishing
boats, canning process, cooking energy, etc. are required which altogether leave a
more significant impact as compared to a fish which we consume [22]. Thus, our
habits of processing food and goods, before use, have led to massive impact on nature
by processing industries and transportation. To stay within the limit, the concept of
sustainability arose, which in simple words means to remain indefinitely. Sustainable
living ensures that we consume the natural resources at the rate less than or equal
to the rate of regeneration of those resources. Now to measure sustainable living is
not that easy as the extent of utilization of various resources in various combinations
and forms is complex and keeping a track on these resources becomes difficult.
With the economic and technological resources of the present day, it is possible
to achieve sustainability by strictly adhering to the practices dictated by sustainable
development. Sustainable development is defined as the development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs [22]. Sustainable development is based on three pillars: (1) social,
(2) economic and (3) ecological factors.
Various indicators have been developed to measure sustainability. Some indicators
are meant to measure a particular resource like Water Footprint (WF), some are used
to measure the environmental factors like Carbon Footprint (CF) and Ecological
Footprint (EF). Some other indices are used to measure the social factors like Human
Development Index (HDI), Living Planet Index (LPI), while some economic indices
might include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), etc.
V. Nawandar et al.
(2) LPG fuelled corrugation heater with conventional grid electricity for other energy
needs and (3) LPG fuelled corrugation heater with grid-connected solar PV system
for other energy needs. By adopting such measures, the potential reduction in EF
for Mode 1, Mode 2, and Mode 3 was estimated at approximately 12.42%, 6.25%,
and 11.13% of the total EF, respectively. The EF of raw materials for existing mode
and the three energy modes are 88.2% (existing mode), 96.99% (Mode 1), 92.59%
(Mode 2) and 96.04% (Mode 3) of the total EF. The investment required for the above
three modes was also examined and economic payback period for Mode 1, Mode 2,
and Mode 3 was evaluated as 5.3 years, 1.2 years, and 4.3 years, respectively.
Keywords Paper packaging · Ecological footprint · Environmental assessment ·
Economic assessment · Solar PV system
1 Introduction
The natural capital is prerequisite for the manufacture of human-made products,
while the opposite is not [22]. This simply explains if natural resource exploitation
rate exceeds the regeneration rate of nature, the effects like global warming, increased
draughts, rising sea levels, etc. are visible. The ecological footprint can measure the
impact of utilization of resources, and it also gives a check on the load created by
human settlements on the planet.
To get a fish served in our dish, it is not just the fish stock but also the fishing
boats, canning process, cooking energy, etc. are required which altogether leave a
more significant impact as compared to a fish which we consume [22]. Thus, our
habits of processing food and goods, before use, have led to massive impact on nature
by processing industries and transportation. To stay within the limit, the concept of
sustainability arose, which in simple words means to remain indefinitely. Sustainable
living ensures that we consume the natural resources at the rate less than or equal
to the rate of regeneration of those resources. Now to measure sustainable living is
not that easy as the extent of utilization of various resources in various combinations
and forms is complex and keeping a track on these resources becomes difficult.
With the economic and technological resources of the present day, it is possible
to achieve sustainability by strictly adhering to the practices dictated by sustainable
development. Sustainable development is defined as the development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs [22]. Sustainable development is based on three pillars: (1) social,
(2) economic and (3) ecological factors.
Various indicators have been developed to measure sustainability. Some indicators
are meant to measure a particular resource like Water Footprint (WF), some are used
to measure the environmental factors like Carbon Footprint (CF) and Ecological
Footprint (EF). Some other indices are used to measure the social factors like Human
Development Index (HDI), Living Planet Index (LPI), while some economic indices
might include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), etc.