426
K. Dhangar and M. Kumar
5. Factors governing the transport behavior of PFOS across various environmental
media should be investigated in detail.
6. Ultimately, to avoid or minimize the potential hazards of PFOS, its alternative
materials should be investigated.
References
3M (1999) The science of organic fluorochemistry. USEPA
Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Guo W, Thomaidis NS, Xu J (2017) Progress in the biological and
chemical treatment technologies for emerging contaminant removal from wastewater: a critical
review. J Hazard Mater 323:274–298
Ahrens L, Plassmann M, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R (2009) Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds
in water and suspended particulate matter in the River Elbe and North Sea, Germany. Front
Environ Sci Eng China 3(2):152–170
Ahrens L, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R (2010) Distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater from
Northern Europe, Atlantic Ocean, and Southern Ocean. Chemosphere 78(8):1011–1016
Alder AC, van der Voet J (2015) Occurrence and point source characterization of perfluoroalkyl
acids in sewage sludge. Chemosphere 129:62–73
Appleman TD, Dickenson ER, Bellona C, Higgins CP (2013) Nanofiltration and granular activated
carbon treatment of perfluoroalkyl acids. J Hazard Mater 260:740–746
Arvaniti OS, Stasinakis AS (2015) Review on the occurrence, fate and removal of perfluorinated
compounds during wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 524:81–92
Arvaniti OS, Ventouri EI, Stasinakis AS, Thomaidis NS (2012) Occurrence of different classes
of perfluorinated compounds in Greek wastewater treatment plants and determination of their
solidwater distribution coefficients. J Hazard Mater 239:24–31
Arvaniti OS, Hwang Y, Andersen HR, Stasinakis AS, Thomaidis NS, Aloupi M (2015) Reductive
degradation of perfluorinated compounds in water using Mg-aminoclay coated nanoscale zero
valent iron. Chem Eng J 262:133–139
Atkinson C, Blake S, Hall T, Kanda K, Rumsby P (2008) Survey of the prevalence of perfluorooctane
sulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related compounds in drinking water and
their sources. Report DEFRA 7585, Drinking Water Inspectorate, Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs
ATSDR (2015) Draft toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls
Baduel C, Paxman CJ, Mueller JF (2015) Perfluoroalkyl substances in a firefighting training ground
(FTG), distribution and potential future release. J Hazard Mater 296:46–53
Bao J, Lee YL, Chen PC, Jin YH, Dong GH (2014) Perfluoroalkyl acids in blood serum samples
from children in Taiwan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(12):7650–7655
Barber JL, Berger U, Chaemfa C, Huber S, Jahnke A, Temme C, Jones KC (2007) Analysis of perand polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air samples from Northwest Europe. J Environ Monit
9:530–541
Barry V, Winquist A, Steenland K (2013) Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposures and incident
cancers among adults living near a chemical plant. Environ Health Perspect 121(11–12):1313–
1318
Becker A, Gerstmann S, Frank H (2008) Perfluorooctane surfactants in waste waters, the major
source of river pollution. Chemosphere 72:115–121
Begley TH, White K, Honigfort P, Twaroski ML, Neches R, Walker RA (2005) Perfluorochemicals:
potential sources of and migration from food packaging. Food Addit Contam 22(10):1023–1031
Berger U, Järnberg U, Kallenborn R (2004) Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) in the
European Nordic environment. Organohalogen Compd 66:4046–4052
K. Dhangar and M. Kumar
5. Factors governing the transport behavior of PFOS across various environmental
media should be investigated in detail.
6. Ultimately, to avoid or minimize the potential hazards of PFOS, its alternative
materials should be investigated.
References
3M (1999) The science of organic fluorochemistry. USEPA
Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Guo W, Thomaidis NS, Xu J (2017) Progress in the biological and
chemical treatment technologies for emerging contaminant removal from wastewater: a critical
review. J Hazard Mater 323:274–298
Ahrens L, Plassmann M, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R (2009) Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds
in water and suspended particulate matter in the River Elbe and North Sea, Germany. Front
Environ Sci Eng China 3(2):152–170
Ahrens L, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R (2010) Distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater from
Northern Europe, Atlantic Ocean, and Southern Ocean. Chemosphere 78(8):1011–1016
Alder AC, van der Voet J (2015) Occurrence and point source characterization of perfluoroalkyl
acids in sewage sludge. Chemosphere 129:62–73
Appleman TD, Dickenson ER, Bellona C, Higgins CP (2013) Nanofiltration and granular activated
carbon treatment of perfluoroalkyl acids. J Hazard Mater 260:740–746
Arvaniti OS, Stasinakis AS (2015) Review on the occurrence, fate and removal of perfluorinated
compounds during wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 524:81–92
Arvaniti OS, Ventouri EI, Stasinakis AS, Thomaidis NS (2012) Occurrence of different classes
of perfluorinated compounds in Greek wastewater treatment plants and determination of their
solidwater distribution coefficients. J Hazard Mater 239:24–31
Arvaniti OS, Hwang Y, Andersen HR, Stasinakis AS, Thomaidis NS, Aloupi M (2015) Reductive
degradation of perfluorinated compounds in water using Mg-aminoclay coated nanoscale zero
valent iron. Chem Eng J 262:133–139
Atkinson C, Blake S, Hall T, Kanda K, Rumsby P (2008) Survey of the prevalence of perfluorooctane
sulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related compounds in drinking water and
their sources. Report DEFRA 7585, Drinking Water Inspectorate, Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs
ATSDR (2015) Draft toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls
Baduel C, Paxman CJ, Mueller JF (2015) Perfluoroalkyl substances in a firefighting training ground
(FTG), distribution and potential future release. J Hazard Mater 296:46–53
Bao J, Lee YL, Chen PC, Jin YH, Dong GH (2014) Perfluoroalkyl acids in blood serum samples
from children in Taiwan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(12):7650–7655
Barber JL, Berger U, Chaemfa C, Huber S, Jahnke A, Temme C, Jones KC (2007) Analysis of perand polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air samples from Northwest Europe. J Environ Monit
9:530–541
Barry V, Winquist A, Steenland K (2013) Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposures and incident
cancers among adults living near a chemical plant. Environ Health Perspect 121(11–12):1313–
1318
Becker A, Gerstmann S, Frank H (2008) Perfluorooctane surfactants in waste waters, the major
source of river pollution. Chemosphere 72:115–121
Begley TH, White K, Honigfort P, Twaroski ML, Neches R, Walker RA (2005) Perfluorochemicals:
potential sources of and migration from food packaging. Food Addit Contam 22(10):1023–1031
Berger U, Järnberg U, Kallenborn R (2004) Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) in the
European Nordic environment. Organohalogen Compd 66:4046–4052