18 Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), Its Occurrence, Fate …
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Table 18.4 Occurrence of PFOS (ng/L) in worldwide surface waters
Country
Location
PFOS concentration
(ng/L)
References
River water
Australia
–
0–16
Thompson et al. (2011b)
Brazil
–
0.58–6.7
Quinete et al. (2009)
China
–
1.7
Kunacheva et al. (2012)
–
<0.1–14.8
Jin et al. (2009)
Guangzhou
0.90–99
So et al. (2007)
Liao River
n.d.–6.6
Yang et al. (2011)
Pearl River Delta
0.02–12
So et al. (2004)
Yangtze River
<0.01–14
So et al. (2007)
England
–
14.4
Kunacheva et al. (2012)
France
Orge River
4.0–4.6
Labadie and Chevreuil
(2011)
Germany
–
<10
Wilhelm et al. (2008)
Rhine River
2.0–26
Skutlarek et al. (2006)
River Elbe
<0.01–2.9
Ahrens et al. (2009)
India
–
<0.03–8.4
Mak et al. (2009)
Indian Rivers
<0.1–3.91
Yeung et al. (2009)
Tamilnadu
3–29
Sunantha and
Vasudevan (2016)
Italy
River Olona
30.0
Castiglioni et al. (2015)
River Po
10.0
Loos et al. (2008)
Japan
–
2.0
Kunacheva et al. (2012)
–
<0.1–6.9
Takagi et al. (2008)
Chubu
0.24–3.88
Saito et al. (2004)
Chugoku
0.45–25.10
Hokkaido-Tohuku
0.25–4.62
Kanto
0.33–31.42
Kinki
0.78–37.32
Kyoto
<5.2–10
Senthilkumar et al.
(2007)
Kyushu-Shikoku
0.29–14.86
Saito et al. (2004)
Osaka
0.26–22
Takagi et al. (2008)
–
0.24–37.3
Saito et al. (2004)
Tsurumi River
180.0
Zushi et al. (2008)
Yodo River
0.4–123
Lein et al. (2008)
Laos
–
1.3
Kunacheva et al. (2012)
(continued)