370
P. Mazumder et al.
hyacinth. Among plants fiber reported so far WHP is known to have a very low density. Although the water hyacinth plant fiber has less lignin and sugar content that
affects cement hydration (Jacktron and Jiajitsawat 2014). The appropriate WHP-tocement ratio can result in formation of self-supporting WHP-cement boards which
can be a substitute to thermal insulation materials. The ideal WHP-cement ratio
reported ranges from 40:60 to 100:0 with various treatments for various WHPs particle sizes. This cement composite is energy efficient for buildings, especially in the
areas, such as tropical countries of the world where, water hyacinth as an aquatic
weed is still a problem. WHP cells have large size aerenchyma cells (can retain air).
Thermal conductivity of 0.047–0.065 W/mK was reported by Salas-Ruiz and Barrera (2019) by employing staples and pulp. Hence, this simple production method
of cement composite from the water hyacinth petiole supports sustainable advancement in construction and encourages several sustainable developments from water
hyacinth.
16.2.3 Production/Extraction of Useful Compounds
16.2.3.1 In the Production of Greaseproof Paper
The proximate analysis of water hyacinth shows significant amount of hemicellulose
and pentosan in it. Studies based on this fact report the application of water hyacinth
in pulp, paper and paperboard production. The long fibers in water hyacinth, with
low runkel number and high ash content have characteristic properties of fiber suspension and natural hydration capacity. Hence, water hyacinth proves to be an ideal
source of greaseproof paper production on mixing with bamboo pulp (Knoshaug
et al. 2013). Water hyacinth comprises of a significant amount of hemicellulose. A
relative analysis of the drainage characteristics and pulp freeness (°SR) confirmed
that drainage time elevates if the pulp freeness is increased. Mixing bamboo pulps
with water hyacinth in appropriate proportions increases the strength of the material.
Paper sheets produced with a blend of bamboo pulp (80°SR) and water hyacinth pulp
(75°SR) in the ratio 25:75 yielded tensile index of 51 ‘10 N m/g and burst index of
7’ 25 kPa m
2 /g (Goswami and Saikia 1994). These values were comparatively more
than that produced in the ratio 10:90 and 20:80 of bamboo and water hyacinth pulp.
16.2.3.2 Bioethanol Production
Bioethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) in the liquid form is manufactured from numerous biomass
substrates/waste products with the use of different techniques. It is a replacement for
traditional non-renewable fuels as it is a biofuel and 35% enriched with oxygen. Being
renewable, it limits the potential hazard of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides
emission from combustion engines (Guragain et al. 2011). Bioethanol generated
from Saccharum officinarum is often used along with gasoline for fuel and is known
P. Mazumder et al.
hyacinth. Among plants fiber reported so far WHP is known to have a very low density. Although the water hyacinth plant fiber has less lignin and sugar content that
affects cement hydration (Jacktron and Jiajitsawat 2014). The appropriate WHP-tocement ratio can result in formation of self-supporting WHP-cement boards which
can be a substitute to thermal insulation materials. The ideal WHP-cement ratio
reported ranges from 40:60 to 100:0 with various treatments for various WHPs particle sizes. This cement composite is energy efficient for buildings, especially in the
areas, such as tropical countries of the world where, water hyacinth as an aquatic
weed is still a problem. WHP cells have large size aerenchyma cells (can retain air).
Thermal conductivity of 0.047–0.065 W/mK was reported by Salas-Ruiz and Barrera (2019) by employing staples and pulp. Hence, this simple production method
of cement composite from the water hyacinth petiole supports sustainable advancement in construction and encourages several sustainable developments from water
hyacinth.
16.2.3 Production/Extraction of Useful Compounds
16.2.3.1 In the Production of Greaseproof Paper
The proximate analysis of water hyacinth shows significant amount of hemicellulose
and pentosan in it. Studies based on this fact report the application of water hyacinth
in pulp, paper and paperboard production. The long fibers in water hyacinth, with
low runkel number and high ash content have characteristic properties of fiber suspension and natural hydration capacity. Hence, water hyacinth proves to be an ideal
source of greaseproof paper production on mixing with bamboo pulp (Knoshaug
et al. 2013). Water hyacinth comprises of a significant amount of hemicellulose. A
relative analysis of the drainage characteristics and pulp freeness (°SR) confirmed
that drainage time elevates if the pulp freeness is increased. Mixing bamboo pulps
with water hyacinth in appropriate proportions increases the strength of the material.
Paper sheets produced with a blend of bamboo pulp (80°SR) and water hyacinth pulp
(75°SR) in the ratio 25:75 yielded tensile index of 51 ‘10 N m/g and burst index of
7’ 25 kPa m
2 /g (Goswami and Saikia 1994). These values were comparatively more
than that produced in the ratio 10:90 and 20:80 of bamboo and water hyacinth pulp.
16.2.3.2 Bioethanol Production
Bioethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) in the liquid form is manufactured from numerous biomass
substrates/waste products with the use of different techniques. It is a replacement for
traditional non-renewable fuels as it is a biofuel and 35% enriched with oxygen. Being
renewable, it limits the potential hazard of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides
emission from combustion engines (Guragain et al. 2011). Bioethanol generated
from Saccharum officinarum is often used along with gasoline for fuel and is known