15 An Overview of Natural Water Contamination …
363
use has reached twice that of population growth. This has led to water stress in larger
regions in the world leading the current restrictions on rates of water use and increase
in consumption
Unlimited extraction: In many areas, it has been seen that no management plans have
been developed on extraction of water such as pumping from rivers and groundwater
extractions These have resulted in availability of less water and some case have led
to mining of the resource. Moreover, the farm dams’ expansion in some areas has
also reduced the supply of water entering rivers.
Change in land use: Felling, expansion of plantations, and coming up of new areas
in agriculture all have an impact on water resource. Events such as bushfires lead to
reduction in availability of water and water quality issues. Changes to land use, even
in the agricultural areas have effects on both water availability and water usage.
15.7 Conclusion
Natural attenuation is low cost remediation method for the treatment of contaminated
soil and water. This technique can be used as pre- or post- treatment at contaminated
site along with other remediation method. Many researchers have analyzed that the
decontamination processes like phytoextraction, phytostimulation, and rhizodegradation are eco-friendly and cost-effective methods. However, there are various disadvantages to natural attenuation like longer remediation time, production of more
hazardous by-product than parent compounds, significant monitoring, and moderate
public acknowledgement.
References
Bekele E, Toze S, Patterson B, Higginson S (2011) Managed aquifer recharge of treated wastewater: water quality changes resulting from infiltration through the vadose zone. Water Research
45(17):5764–5772
Berry M, Bove F (1997) Birth weight reduction associated with residence near a hazardous waste
landfill. Environ Health Perspect 105(8):856–861
Bhattacharya A (2006) Remediation of pesticide-polluted waters through membranes. Separation
Purification Rev 35(1):1–38
Binesh A, Mohammadi S, Mowavi AA, Parvaresh P (2010) Measurement of heavy radioactive
pollution: radon and radium in drinking water samples of Mashhad. Int J Curr Res 16(10):54–58
Bridges O, Bridges JW, Potter JF (2000) A generic comparison of the airborne risks to human health
from landfill and incinerator disposal of municipal solid waste. Environmentalist 20(4):325–334
Borah R, Kumari D, Gogoi A, Biswas S, Goswami R, Shim J, Begum NA, Kumar M (2018) Efficacy
and field applicability of Burmese grape leaf extract (BGLE) for cadmium removal: an implication
of metal removal from natural water. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 147:585–593
363
use has reached twice that of population growth. This has led to water stress in larger
regions in the world leading the current restrictions on rates of water use and increase
in consumption
Unlimited extraction: In many areas, it has been seen that no management plans have
been developed on extraction of water such as pumping from rivers and groundwater
extractions These have resulted in availability of less water and some case have led
to mining of the resource. Moreover, the farm dams’ expansion in some areas has
also reduced the supply of water entering rivers.
Change in land use: Felling, expansion of plantations, and coming up of new areas
in agriculture all have an impact on water resource. Events such as bushfires lead to
reduction in availability of water and water quality issues. Changes to land use, even
in the agricultural areas have effects on both water availability and water usage.
15.7 Conclusion
Natural attenuation is low cost remediation method for the treatment of contaminated
soil and water. This technique can be used as pre- or post- treatment at contaminated
site along with other remediation method. Many researchers have analyzed that the
decontamination processes like phytoextraction, phytostimulation, and rhizodegradation are eco-friendly and cost-effective methods. However, there are various disadvantages to natural attenuation like longer remediation time, production of more
hazardous by-product than parent compounds, significant monitoring, and moderate
public acknowledgement.
References
Bekele E, Toze S, Patterson B, Higginson S (2011) Managed aquifer recharge of treated wastewater: water quality changes resulting from infiltration through the vadose zone. Water Research
45(17):5764–5772
Berry M, Bove F (1997) Birth weight reduction associated with residence near a hazardous waste
landfill. Environ Health Perspect 105(8):856–861
Bhattacharya A (2006) Remediation of pesticide-polluted waters through membranes. Separation
Purification Rev 35(1):1–38
Binesh A, Mohammadi S, Mowavi AA, Parvaresh P (2010) Measurement of heavy radioactive
pollution: radon and radium in drinking water samples of Mashhad. Int J Curr Res 16(10):54–58
Bridges O, Bridges JW, Potter JF (2000) A generic comparison of the airborne risks to human health
from landfill and incinerator disposal of municipal solid waste. Environmentalist 20(4):325–334
Borah R, Kumari D, Gogoi A, Biswas S, Goswami R, Shim J, Begum NA, Kumar M (2018) Efficacy
and field applicability of Burmese grape leaf extract (BGLE) for cadmium removal: an implication
of metal removal from natural water. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 147:585–593