8
K. Kuroda and J. Kobayashi
Table 1.1
(continued)
Country
Location
Number of
site/sample
Depth a
(mbgl)
Compounds
analyzed
Compounds
detected
LOD b
/LOQ c
(ng/L)
Maximum conc.
(ng/L)
References
China
Shanghai
3/3
n.a.
13 psychiatric
pharmaceuticals, 2
metabolites
9 psychiatric
pharmaceuticals
0.05–1.06
(LOD),
0.17–3.54
(LOQ)
Lorazepam
(46.83)
Xiang et al.
(2018)
Changzhou,
Yangtze
River Delta
5/5
n.a.
27 antibiotics, 16
other
pharmaceuticals, 1
PCP
16 antibiotics, 13
other
pharmaceuticals, 1
PCP
0.02–14.75
(LOD),
0.09–58.99
(LOQ)
Caffeine (503.76)
Jiang et al.
(2019)
India
Patancheru,
Telangana
5/5
n.a.
7 antibiotics, 5 other
pharmaceuticals
5 antibiotics, 5
other
pharmaceuticals
10–50 (LOQ)
Cetirizine
(28,000)
Fick et al.
(2009)
Patancheru,
Telangana
15/26
n.a.
3 fluoroquinolone
antibiotics
3 fluoroquinolone
antibiotics
10 (LOQ)
Ciprofloxacin
(770)
Rutgersson
et al. (2014)
Varanasi,
Uttar
Pradesh
26/26
10–200
3 antibiotics, 11
other
pharmaceuticals, 1
AS, 1 industrial
chemical, 21
pesticides and
metabolites, 3 perand polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFASs)
3 antibiotics, 10
other
pharmaceuticals, 1
AS, 11 pesticides
and metabolites, 3
PFASs
0.1–100
(LOD)
Sulfamethoxazole
(120)
Lapworth
et al. (2018)
(continued)