Chapter 11
Nanotechnology: An Efficient Technique
of Contaminated Water Treatment
Tejaswini Sahoo, Jnana Ranjan Sahu, Jagannath Panda,
Madhuri Hembram, Sunil Kumar Sahoo, and Rojalin Sahu
11.1 Introduction
For the existence of life and good health, water is an ultimate need. The whole planet
is suffering from water scarcity, and this issue grieved more due to the alarming
pollution. From the data of world health organization, it is suggested due to the
microbial contamination and lots of health issues are arising worldwide (Heymann
2007). Every year around two million people lose life due to infections originated
from infected water. Although many techniques are used for treating water like disinfection and radiation, the water contamination is not fully cured. The heavy metals
like zinc, cadmium, lead and mercury contaminate the water bodies, thereby releasing toxic substances in the water which is fatal for the living environment (Verma
and Dwivedi 2013; Baby et al. 2010). The advanced industrialization and growing
urbanization are burdened the natural sanity with harmful chemicals and wide range
of pollution. Water pollution is one of the alarming issues that the world is facing.
The rapid population outbreak in the coming year needs a massive supply of clean
drinking water, domestic purpose, commercial, agricultural, etc., demand to support the growing human race as reported by Pendergast and Hoek (2011). In the
year 2014, the World Health Organization reported that by the year 2025, fifty per
cent of world’s population will face the problem of water scarcity (Guarino 2017).
In developing countries, more than half of the industrial wastewater is released to
the environment without proper treatment. The available technology for wastewater treatment and the production of pristine and safe water is not sufficient to meet
pace with a rapid increase of water pollution and demand for pure water supply in
T. Sahoo · J. R. Sahu · J. Panda · M. Hembram · R. Sahu (B)
School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University,
Bhubaneswar 751024, India
e-mail: rsahufch@kiit.ac.in
S. K. Sahoo
Health Physics Division, BARC, Mumbai, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
M. Kumar et al. (eds.), Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources,
Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4599-3_11
251
Nanotechnology: An Efficient Technique
of Contaminated Water Treatment
Tejaswini Sahoo, Jnana Ranjan Sahu, Jagannath Panda,
Madhuri Hembram, Sunil Kumar Sahoo, and Rojalin Sahu
11.1 Introduction
For the existence of life and good health, water is an ultimate need. The whole planet
is suffering from water scarcity, and this issue grieved more due to the alarming
pollution. From the data of world health organization, it is suggested due to the
microbial contamination and lots of health issues are arising worldwide (Heymann
2007). Every year around two million people lose life due to infections originated
from infected water. Although many techniques are used for treating water like disinfection and radiation, the water contamination is not fully cured. The heavy metals
like zinc, cadmium, lead and mercury contaminate the water bodies, thereby releasing toxic substances in the water which is fatal for the living environment (Verma
and Dwivedi 2013; Baby et al. 2010). The advanced industrialization and growing
urbanization are burdened the natural sanity with harmful chemicals and wide range
of pollution. Water pollution is one of the alarming issues that the world is facing.
The rapid population outbreak in the coming year needs a massive supply of clean
drinking water, domestic purpose, commercial, agricultural, etc., demand to support the growing human race as reported by Pendergast and Hoek (2011). In the
year 2014, the World Health Organization reported that by the year 2025, fifty per
cent of world’s population will face the problem of water scarcity (Guarino 2017).
In developing countries, more than half of the industrial wastewater is released to
the environment without proper treatment. The available technology for wastewater treatment and the production of pristine and safe water is not sufficient to meet
pace with a rapid increase of water pollution and demand for pure water supply in
T. Sahoo · J. R. Sahu · J. Panda · M. Hembram · R. Sahu (B)
School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University,
Bhubaneswar 751024, India
e-mail: rsahufch@kiit.ac.in
S. K. Sahoo
Health Physics Division, BARC, Mumbai, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
M. Kumar et al. (eds.), Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources,
Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4599-3_11
251