244
S. Manna et al.
Table 10.5 Pharmaceuticals removal efficiencies specifically attributed to biodegradation (Wang
and Wang 2016)
Compound
Removal efficiency (%) System studied
Analgesic
Acetaminophen
99
Batch
Antibiotic
Azithromycin
50
Batch
Benzylpenicillin
25
WWTP, laboratory scale
Roxithromycin
85–95
Anaerobic digester, pilot scale
Sulfamethoxazole
99
Anaerobic digester, pilot scale
Tetracycline
ND
Batch
Trimethoprim
70
Batch
Anticancer
5-Fluorouracil
ND
Batch
Cytarabine
80–95
Batch
Exemestane
20–86
Batch
Gemcitabine
42–50
Batch
Ifosfamide
ND
Batch
Anticonvulsant
Gabapentin
90
Batch
Phenytoin
50
Batch
Valproic acid
99
Batch
Antidepressant
Diazepam
38–60
Anaerobic digester, pilot scale
Fluoxetine
ND
Batch
Antiseptic
4-Chloro-m-cresol
99
Batch
Biosol
80
Batch
Biphenylol
99
Batch
Chlorophene
99
Batch
p-chloro-m-xylenol 80
Batch
Triclocarban
21–97
WWTP, full scale
Triclosan
38–99
Batch, Continuous flow aerobic reactors,
laboratory scale, Soil batch
Barbituate
Phenobarbital
80
Batch
Secobarbital
70
Batch
Calcium channel antagonist
Verapamil
ND
Batch