190
J. Maaß
und Forschung (BMBF), April 2013; Beckmann, 2000; Bundesamt für Bauwesen
und Raumordnung 1999).
• The vulnerability of low-income households to rising energy costs, known as
“fuel poverty” or “energy poverty” in general (e.g. Boardman 1991; Dubois and
Meier 2016; González-Eguino 2015; Brunner et al. 2012), or with a supplemental
focus incorporating aspects of accessibility, transport, mobility and vulnerability
(e.g. Berry et al., 2016; Legendre and Ricci 2015; BMVBS/BBSR, March 2009;
Dodson and Sipe 2007; or Roberts et al. 2015).
• Spatial aspects or accessibility questions in combination with scarce energy
supplies or rising energy prices (e.g. Büttner 2017; Wegener 2009a; Dodson and
Sipe 2008; Fiorello et al. 2006; or Shepherd et al. 2008).
• The social dimension of equity or (in)equality existing in the context of rising
energy prices and transport, accessibility or car dependency (e.g. Dubois and
Meier 2016; Mattioli 2014; Reames 2016; Walker and Day 2012).
Experience with and knowledge of the resilience of urban settlement areas (city
layout) or of accessibility aspects has often been derived from software-based
approaches. Using models or GIS tools to visualise or account for effects has been a
major approach in the context of land use research (e.g. Fiorello et al. 2006; Wegener
2009b; Buettner et al. 2013).
However, little research so far has focused on administrative levels, the impact
of rising energy prices on social-political structures, and the potential effects caused
by decision-makers’ responses. There is no research literature on how decisionmakers at various levels of government cope with the complex, multidimensional
problem of rising energy prices in a society dominated by car transport and the land
use strategies associated with it. Timeframes for oil crises and rising energy prices
have been rather short. But as the oil crisis in the 1970s showed, drastic effects and
responses are possible. Further research in that field is therefore required.
10.5 Serious Games—A Different Approach to Sustainable
Land Management
Usually, mathematical models are used to map future trends or evaluate political
decisions based on numbers. However, those numeric models cannot include future
(political) planning decisions that might arise in the light of high energy prices or
(sudden) scarcity of fossil energy.
With fossil energy a major factor in transport, traffic and heating, high energy
prices over a longer period of time increase pressure on decision-makers to find
more sustainable ways of planning. Policy-makers and administrative decisionmakers might therefore be in need of new or additional approaches to cope with
such complex phenomena, assuming that fossil energy might (again) become more
cost-intensive in the future. To explore which path future developments will take and
J. Maaß
und Forschung (BMBF), April 2013; Beckmann, 2000; Bundesamt für Bauwesen
und Raumordnung 1999).
• The vulnerability of low-income households to rising energy costs, known as
“fuel poverty” or “energy poverty” in general (e.g. Boardman 1991; Dubois and
Meier 2016; González-Eguino 2015; Brunner et al. 2012), or with a supplemental
focus incorporating aspects of accessibility, transport, mobility and vulnerability
(e.g. Berry et al., 2016; Legendre and Ricci 2015; BMVBS/BBSR, March 2009;
Dodson and Sipe 2007; or Roberts et al. 2015).
• Spatial aspects or accessibility questions in combination with scarce energy
supplies or rising energy prices (e.g. Büttner 2017; Wegener 2009a; Dodson and
Sipe 2008; Fiorello et al. 2006; or Shepherd et al. 2008).
• The social dimension of equity or (in)equality existing in the context of rising
energy prices and transport, accessibility or car dependency (e.g. Dubois and
Meier 2016; Mattioli 2014; Reames 2016; Walker and Day 2012).
Experience with and knowledge of the resilience of urban settlement areas (city
layout) or of accessibility aspects has often been derived from software-based
approaches. Using models or GIS tools to visualise or account for effects has been a
major approach in the context of land use research (e.g. Fiorello et al. 2006; Wegener
2009b; Buettner et al. 2013).
However, little research so far has focused on administrative levels, the impact
of rising energy prices on social-political structures, and the potential effects caused
by decision-makers’ responses. There is no research literature on how decisionmakers at various levels of government cope with the complex, multidimensional
problem of rising energy prices in a society dominated by car transport and the land
use strategies associated with it. Timeframes for oil crises and rising energy prices
have been rather short. But as the oil crisis in the 1970s showed, drastic effects and
responses are possible. Further research in that field is therefore required.
10.5 Serious Games—A Different Approach to Sustainable
Land Management
Usually, mathematical models are used to map future trends or evaluate political
decisions based on numbers. However, those numeric models cannot include future
(political) planning decisions that might arise in the light of high energy prices or
(sudden) scarcity of fossil energy.
With fossil energy a major factor in transport, traffic and heating, high energy
prices over a longer period of time increase pressure on decision-makers to find
more sustainable ways of planning. Policy-makers and administrative decisionmakers might therefore be in need of new or additional approaches to cope with
such complex phenomena, assuming that fossil energy might (again) become more
cost-intensive in the future. To explore which path future developments will take and