9 Knowledge Exchange at Science-Policy Interfaces …
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1. Knowledge transfer
1.3. Indirect knowledge transfer from a supply perspecƟve
1.1. Knowledge transfer as a result of knowledge demand
2. Knowledge transfer
support
2.2. Indirect knowledge transfer supported by boundary organisaƟons
2.1. Direct knowledge transfer supported by boundary organisaƟons
3. Knowledge exchange
3.1. Knowledge exchange as coproducƟon of knowledge
3.2. Knowledge exchange by Ɵght collaboraƟon
3.3. Knowledge exchange by loose collaboraƟon
4. Knowledge exchange
support
4.3. Knowledge exchange supported by knowledge advocates
4.1. Direct knowledge exchange supported by boundary organisaƟons
5. ParƟcipatory
knowledge
development and use
5.4. ParƟcipaƟon to acquire new input
5.5 ParƟcipaƟon in knowledge evaluaƟon
5.6. ParƟcipaƟon designed to preserve knowledge gains
5.1. CoproducƟon of knowledge through parƟcipaƟon
5.2. Retrieval of knowledge through parƟcipaƟon
Formal and informal knowledge
exchange
1.2. Direct knowledge transfer from a supply perspecƟve
2.3. Knowledge transfer supported by knowledge advocates
2.4. Awareness-raising acƟviƟes
4.2. Indirect knowledge exchange supported by boundary organisaƟons
5.3. Learning through parƟcipaƟon
5.7. Strategic parƟcipaƟon
Fig. 9.1. Types and subtypes of knowledge exchange
and use” (Type 5) characterises how and why actors are involved in knowledge
exchange processes. “Formal and informal knowledge exchange (Type 6) describes
the formality of knowledge exchange processes. The following sections present these
types and subtypes in greater detail.
9.4.1 Type 1: Knowledge Transfer
Knowledge exchange Type 1, “knowledge transfer”, refers to knowledge exchange
processes that are only one-way. We distinguish among three subtypes:
Type 1.1: Knowledge transfer as a result of knowledge demand. This describes
knowledge transfer where either policymakers or scientists express a knowledge