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A. Doernberg and T. Weith
also influence actors. This can cause direct or indirect pressures on an institutional
system and, as a result, on land use and land management. Although research about
change and transition processes is still in its infancy (cf. Oberlack et al. 2019),
knowledge about social innovation processes (Sovacool and Hess 2017; Petterson
and Huitema 2019) and change models (e.g. Kristof 2010; Oberlack et al. 2019) exists
in various forms. For example, the concept of the regional innovation system (RIS)
highlights the generation, transfer and application of knowledge. The RIS seeks to
draw attention to regional conditions for establishing innovation (Tödtling and Trippl
2005). Organisations, institutions and actors involved in the generation, diffusion
and use of knowledge are important (Arnold et al. 2014; Doloreux and Parto 2005;
Fritsch 2013). Regions have different potential for change, innovation and adaptation.
In consequence, account must be taken of specific regional constellations and the
permanent change of interrelations (innovation).
Conversely, forms of governance require comprehensive knowledge about the
objects and processes to be influenced. New forms of knowledge are therefore
directly linked (Rydin 2007) and are required in the scientific debate on telecoupling
(Zaehringer et al. 2019). The interaction between knowledge for governance (e.g.
functional interrelations) and knowledge about governance (e.g. multilevel governance experiences) is of particular importance. This means, on the one hand, integrating and reflecting on mutual learning processes, depending on places and people.
On the other hand, “distance learning” is necessary, reflecting spatial interrelations
and feedback loops. To this end, additional resources are needed to realise internal
and external exchange. In consequence, co-design processes must reflect not only
inner-regional knowledge generation and dissemination, but also the appropriate
inclusion of knowledge flows from other regions.
At the same time, this requires a differentiated understanding of knowledge
transfer. Going beyond a simple loading dock approach, answers must be found
about what kind of knowledge can be transferred from or to other spaces from
different contexts with different and heterogeneous networks of actors and a range
of institutional settings, and then applied and implemented there (Rogga et al. 2014).
6.6 Outlook
From the authors’ perspective, the main tasks for the future are (1) to further develop
a model to integrate regional interrelations based on functional interrelations, and
(2) to improve regional governance and transition processes, based on the analytical
model.
The challenge here is to adequately consider the aforementioned complexities of
the various approaches.
To reflect current discussions about the role of science in solving real-world problems by using co-design approaches, developers of models must also consider the
need to find applicable models that allow a broad practical application for the solution of real-world problems. This is also a consequence of a decade-long ongoing
A. Doernberg and T. Weith
also influence actors. This can cause direct or indirect pressures on an institutional
system and, as a result, on land use and land management. Although research about
change and transition processes is still in its infancy (cf. Oberlack et al. 2019),
knowledge about social innovation processes (Sovacool and Hess 2017; Petterson
and Huitema 2019) and change models (e.g. Kristof 2010; Oberlack et al. 2019) exists
in various forms. For example, the concept of the regional innovation system (RIS)
highlights the generation, transfer and application of knowledge. The RIS seeks to
draw attention to regional conditions for establishing innovation (Tödtling and Trippl
2005). Organisations, institutions and actors involved in the generation, diffusion
and use of knowledge are important (Arnold et al. 2014; Doloreux and Parto 2005;
Fritsch 2013). Regions have different potential for change, innovation and adaptation.
In consequence, account must be taken of specific regional constellations and the
permanent change of interrelations (innovation).
Conversely, forms of governance require comprehensive knowledge about the
objects and processes to be influenced. New forms of knowledge are therefore
directly linked (Rydin 2007) and are required in the scientific debate on telecoupling
(Zaehringer et al. 2019). The interaction between knowledge for governance (e.g.
functional interrelations) and knowledge about governance (e.g. multilevel governance experiences) is of particular importance. This means, on the one hand, integrating and reflecting on mutual learning processes, depending on places and people.
On the other hand, “distance learning” is necessary, reflecting spatial interrelations
and feedback loops. To this end, additional resources are needed to realise internal
and external exchange. In consequence, co-design processes must reflect not only
inner-regional knowledge generation and dissemination, but also the appropriate
inclusion of knowledge flows from other regions.
At the same time, this requires a differentiated understanding of knowledge
transfer. Going beyond a simple loading dock approach, answers must be found
about what kind of knowledge can be transferred from or to other spaces from
different contexts with different and heterogeneous networks of actors and a range
of institutional settings, and then applied and implemented there (Rogga et al. 2014).
6.6 Outlook
From the authors’ perspective, the main tasks for the future are (1) to further develop
a model to integrate regional interrelations based on functional interrelations, and
(2) to improve regional governance and transition processes, based on the analytical
model.
The challenge here is to adequately consider the aforementioned complexities of
the various approaches.
To reflect current discussions about the role of science in solving real-world problems by using co-design approaches, developers of models must also consider the
need to find applicable models that allow a broad practical application for the solution of real-world problems. This is also a consequence of a decade-long ongoing