the water, as long as the irradiation of UV light was effective (Crittenden et al. 1997).
In this case, the oxidation is carried out by a highly catalytic agent such as TiO 2 ,
which allows the dissociation of water, forming highly oxidizing agents.
On the other hand, the efficiency of Fenton-type oxidative processes is known, so
it is not uncommon to use Fenton reactions catalyzed on an adsorbent material. You
can find studies in which the metallic agent such as Fe is loaded onto the surface of
adsorbent material, such as the case studied by Shukla-Wang, in which Fe catalysts
were loaded employing the impregnation technique on mesoporous silica. In this
study, it was found that the amount of Fe impregnated in the surface of the silica to
diminish the capacity of adsorption of it is not determinant. However, both the
concentration of H 2 O 2 and the water in which the pollutant is dissolved, reduce the
amount of Fe available on the surface of the material, preventing the degradation
efficiencies from being as expected (Shukla et al. 2010), despite this, at specific pH
levels, the total mineralization of 60% of the degraded organic pollutant was
determined. A similar study showed that the effectiveness of degradation of an
organic compound by Fenton reaction could benefit if a small amount of Fe is
impregnated on the surface of a zeolite contrasted with a high concentration of Fe
dissolved in the aqueous bed. The heterogeneous catalytic reaction is benefited since
the contact of Fe with hydrogen peroxide is stimulated by the transport forces related
to the phenomenon of adsorption (Gonzalez-Olmos et al. 2013), In this sense, the
combination of the processes simultaneously benefits the degradation of organic
pollutants.
The support of Fe can be given in multiple materials, such as carbonaceous
matrices both granular and fibers, it was demonstrated that these materials have a
high capacity of adsorption and allow a very high degradation of organic compounds, besides, it has been demonstrated that a high efficiency at low concentrations of H 2 O 2 (Wang et al. 2014). The synthesis of materials that have favorable
properties as a catalyst has been the subject of study. We have studied the formation
of nanomaterials composed of iron oxide as the FeOOH, supported on a carbonic
matrix, which acts as a reducing agent within the Fenton reactions, it was found that
this type of materials allows using a wider range of pH what facilitates the operation
of degradation of organic compounds. Likewise, the assistance of an electric current
helps achieve this objective, transforming the process into an electrocatalyzed
adsorption, through Electro-Fenton reaction. The liberation of electrons in the
anode, in turn, allows the regeneration of reduced Fe, which allows reaching the
total degradation of the organic pollutant since there is no limitation of the reducing
agent (Zhang et al. 2012). Likewise, Photocatalytic adsorption systems have been
studied in which a carbonaceous photoreceptor material radicalizes H 2 O 2 , generating decompositions of 92.5% (Ince and Apikyan 2000). Systems like these allow
reaching high efficiencies due to the conjunction of a suitable adsorbent material, a
catalytic element capable of regeneration and a correct application of photolytic and
electrolytic elements.
There are also non-ferrous catalysts for use in Fenton reactions, the application of
Cu supported in a mesoporous matrix of MnO giving good results in degradation
with efficiencies of between 56–89% and can be used at practically neutral pH
5 Removal of Priority Water Pollutants Using Adsorption and Oxidation. . .
131
In this case, the oxidation is carried out by a highly catalytic agent such as TiO 2 ,
which allows the dissociation of water, forming highly oxidizing agents.
On the other hand, the efficiency of Fenton-type oxidative processes is known, so
it is not uncommon to use Fenton reactions catalyzed on an adsorbent material. You
can find studies in which the metallic agent such as Fe is loaded onto the surface of
adsorbent material, such as the case studied by Shukla-Wang, in which Fe catalysts
were loaded employing the impregnation technique on mesoporous silica. In this
study, it was found that the amount of Fe impregnated in the surface of the silica to
diminish the capacity of adsorption of it is not determinant. However, both the
concentration of H 2 O 2 and the water in which the pollutant is dissolved, reduce the
amount of Fe available on the surface of the material, preventing the degradation
efficiencies from being as expected (Shukla et al. 2010), despite this, at specific pH
levels, the total mineralization of 60% of the degraded organic pollutant was
determined. A similar study showed that the effectiveness of degradation of an
organic compound by Fenton reaction could benefit if a small amount of Fe is
impregnated on the surface of a zeolite contrasted with a high concentration of Fe
dissolved in the aqueous bed. The heterogeneous catalytic reaction is benefited since
the contact of Fe with hydrogen peroxide is stimulated by the transport forces related
to the phenomenon of adsorption (Gonzalez-Olmos et al. 2013), In this sense, the
combination of the processes simultaneously benefits the degradation of organic
pollutants.
The support of Fe can be given in multiple materials, such as carbonaceous
matrices both granular and fibers, it was demonstrated that these materials have a
high capacity of adsorption and allow a very high degradation of organic compounds, besides, it has been demonstrated that a high efficiency at low concentrations of H 2 O 2 (Wang et al. 2014). The synthesis of materials that have favorable
properties as a catalyst has been the subject of study. We have studied the formation
of nanomaterials composed of iron oxide as the FeOOH, supported on a carbonic
matrix, which acts as a reducing agent within the Fenton reactions, it was found that
this type of materials allows using a wider range of pH what facilitates the operation
of degradation of organic compounds. Likewise, the assistance of an electric current
helps achieve this objective, transforming the process into an electrocatalyzed
adsorption, through Electro-Fenton reaction. The liberation of electrons in the
anode, in turn, allows the regeneration of reduced Fe, which allows reaching the
total degradation of the organic pollutant since there is no limitation of the reducing
agent (Zhang et al. 2012). Likewise, Photocatalytic adsorption systems have been
studied in which a carbonaceous photoreceptor material radicalizes H 2 O 2 , generating decompositions of 92.5% (Ince and Apikyan 2000). Systems like these allow
reaching high efficiencies due to the conjunction of a suitable adsorbent material, a
catalytic element capable of regeneration and a correct application of photolytic and
electrolytic elements.
There are also non-ferrous catalysts for use in Fenton reactions, the application of
Cu supported in a mesoporous matrix of MnO giving good results in degradation
with efficiencies of between 56–89% and can be used at practically neutral pH
5 Removal of Priority Water Pollutants Using Adsorption and Oxidation. . .
131