Wei L, Yang G, Wang R, Ma W (2009) Selective adsorption and separation of chromium (VI) on
the magnetic iron–nickel oxide from waste nickel liquid. J Hazard Mater 164:1159–1163.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.016
Wenrong Y, Justin GJ, Zhicong H, Qiong L, Guonan C (2007) Fast colorimetric detection of copper
ions using l-cysteine functionalized gold nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7(2):712–716.
https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.116
Wigginton NY, Eston N, Malakoff JD (2012) More treasure than trash. Science 337:662–663.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.337.6095.662
Wong Y Szeto YS, Cheung WH, McKay G (2004) Adsorption of acid dyes on chitosan—
equilibrium isotherm analyses. Process Biochem 39:695–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00329592(03)00152-3
Wróbel D, Boguta A, Ion RM (2001) Mixtures of synthetic organic dyes in a photoelectrochemical
cell. J Photochem Photobio A Chem 138:7–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(00)003774
Wu RC, Qu HH, He H, Yu YB (2004) Removal of azo-dye acid red B (ARB) by adsorption and
catalytic combustion using magnetic CuFe 2 O 4 powder. Appl Catal B 48:49–56. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.apcatb.2003.09.006
Wu RC, Qu JH, Chen YS (2005) Magnetic powder MnO–Fe 2 O 3 composite –a novel material for
the removal of azo-dye from water. Water Res 39:630–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.
2004.11.005
Wu ZB, Dong F, Zhao WR, Wang HQ, Liu Y, Guan BH (2009) The fabrication and characterization of novel carbon doped TiO 2 nanotubes, nanowires and nanorods with high visible light
photocatalytic activity. Nanotechnology 20:235701–235709. https://doi.org/10.1088/09574484/20/23/235701
Wu Z, Li W, Webley PA, Zhao D (2012) General and controllable synthesis of novel mesoporous
magnetic iron oxide@ carbon encapsulates for efficient arsenic removal. Adv Mater
24:485–491. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201103789
Xiong Z, Lai B, Yang P, Zhou Y, Wang J, Fang S (2015) Comparative study on the reactivity of
Fe/Cu bimetallic particles and zero valent iron (ZVI) under different conditions of N 2 air or
without aeration. J Hazard Mater 297:261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.006
Xu L, Yan-Ling H, Pelligra C, Chun-Hu C, Jin L, Huang H, Sithambaram S, Aindow M, Joesten R,
Suib SL (2009) ZnO with different morphologies synthesized by solvothermal methods for
enhanced photocatalytic activity. Chem Mater 21:2875–2885. https://doi.org/10.1021/
cm900608d
Xu T, Zhang L, Cheng H, Zhu Y (2011) Significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of ZnO
viagraphene hybridization and the mechanism study. Appl Catal B Environ 101:382–387.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.10.007
Xu P, Zeng GM, Huang DL, Feng CL, Hu S, Zhao MH, Lai C, Wei Z, Huang C, Xie GX (2012) Use
of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: a review. Sci Total Environ 424:1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.023
Yang X, Feng Y, He Z, Stoffella PJ (2005) Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal
hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 18(4):339–353. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.007
Yang X, Cao C, Erickson L, Hohn K, Maghirang R, Klabunde K (2009) Photo-catalytic degradation of rhodamine B on C, S, N, and Fe-doped TiO 2 under visible-light irradiation. Appl Catal B
Environ 91:657–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.07.006
Yang L, Liu P, Xi L, Li S (2012a) The photocatalytic activities of neodymium and fluorine doped
TiO 2 nanoparticles. Ceram Int 38:4791–4796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.02.067
Yang X, Chen C, Li J, Zhao G, Ren X, Wang X (2012b) Graphene oxide-iron oxide and reduced
graphene oxide iron oxide hybrid materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants.
RSC Adv 2:8821–8826. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2RA20885G
3 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Wastewater Decontamination
93
the magnetic iron–nickel oxide from waste nickel liquid. J Hazard Mater 164:1159–1163.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.016
Wenrong Y, Justin GJ, Zhicong H, Qiong L, Guonan C (2007) Fast colorimetric detection of copper
ions using l-cysteine functionalized gold nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7(2):712–716.
https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.116
Wigginton NY, Eston N, Malakoff JD (2012) More treasure than trash. Science 337:662–663.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.337.6095.662
Wong Y Szeto YS, Cheung WH, McKay G (2004) Adsorption of acid dyes on chitosan—
equilibrium isotherm analyses. Process Biochem 39:695–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00329592(03)00152-3
Wróbel D, Boguta A, Ion RM (2001) Mixtures of synthetic organic dyes in a photoelectrochemical
cell. J Photochem Photobio A Chem 138:7–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(00)003774
Wu RC, Qu HH, He H, Yu YB (2004) Removal of azo-dye acid red B (ARB) by adsorption and
catalytic combustion using magnetic CuFe 2 O 4 powder. Appl Catal B 48:49–56. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.apcatb.2003.09.006
Wu RC, Qu JH, Chen YS (2005) Magnetic powder MnO–Fe 2 O 3 composite –a novel material for
the removal of azo-dye from water. Water Res 39:630–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.
2004.11.005
Wu ZB, Dong F, Zhao WR, Wang HQ, Liu Y, Guan BH (2009) The fabrication and characterization of novel carbon doped TiO 2 nanotubes, nanowires and nanorods with high visible light
photocatalytic activity. Nanotechnology 20:235701–235709. https://doi.org/10.1088/09574484/20/23/235701
Wu Z, Li W, Webley PA, Zhao D (2012) General and controllable synthesis of novel mesoporous
magnetic iron oxide@ carbon encapsulates for efficient arsenic removal. Adv Mater
24:485–491. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201103789
Xiong Z, Lai B, Yang P, Zhou Y, Wang J, Fang S (2015) Comparative study on the reactivity of
Fe/Cu bimetallic particles and zero valent iron (ZVI) under different conditions of N 2 air or
without aeration. J Hazard Mater 297:261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.006
Xu L, Yan-Ling H, Pelligra C, Chun-Hu C, Jin L, Huang H, Sithambaram S, Aindow M, Joesten R,
Suib SL (2009) ZnO with different morphologies synthesized by solvothermal methods for
enhanced photocatalytic activity. Chem Mater 21:2875–2885. https://doi.org/10.1021/
cm900608d
Xu T, Zhang L, Cheng H, Zhu Y (2011) Significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of ZnO
viagraphene hybridization and the mechanism study. Appl Catal B Environ 101:382–387.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.10.007
Xu P, Zeng GM, Huang DL, Feng CL, Hu S, Zhao MH, Lai C, Wei Z, Huang C, Xie GX (2012) Use
of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: a review. Sci Total Environ 424:1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.023
Yang X, Feng Y, He Z, Stoffella PJ (2005) Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal
hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 18(4):339–353. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.007
Yang X, Cao C, Erickson L, Hohn K, Maghirang R, Klabunde K (2009) Photo-catalytic degradation of rhodamine B on C, S, N, and Fe-doped TiO 2 under visible-light irradiation. Appl Catal B
Environ 91:657–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.07.006
Yang L, Liu P, Xi L, Li S (2012a) The photocatalytic activities of neodymium and fluorine doped
TiO 2 nanoparticles. Ceram Int 38:4791–4796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.02.067
Yang X, Chen C, Li J, Zhao G, Ren X, Wang X (2012b) Graphene oxide-iron oxide and reduced
graphene oxide iron oxide hybrid materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants.
RSC Adv 2:8821–8826. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2RA20885G
3 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Wastewater Decontamination
93