(two linear plasmids), whereas dbfBC genes are located on chromosome. Since pht
operon is located upstream to dbfA1A2 cistron, the dioxin-catabolic genes were
dispersed on the genome. Contrary to this, FN-catabolic genes were gathered on
plasmids.
14.9 Conclusion
Growing evidence suggests that even at extremely lower dose, dioxins and dioxinslike compounds can be a potent carcinogen that interferes in endocrine system which
leads to major cause of concern. Its universal presence, exhibiting high lipid
solubility and lower water solubility causes bioaccumulation in fatty tissues and its
persistence in the environment results in slower elimination in animals and environment. Environmental clean-up of dioxins is extremely difficult partly because of its
planner structure, extremely hydrophobic nature, strong adsorption/absorption to the
soil resulting in limited bioavailability and pronounced recalcitrance to attack by
microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic). Therefore, in conlusion, the enrichment of
bacteria metabolizing - Dibenzofuran as a model compound with similar structure
and phyisico-chemical properties, could be very useful for systematic environmental
clean-up of dioxins.
References
Alcock RE, Jones KC (1996) Dioxins and furans in the environment: a review of trend data.
Environ Sci Technol 30:3133–3143
Ali F, Hu H, Xu P, Tang H (2017) Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FAHZ1, an efficient dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium. Genome Announc 5:e01634–e01616
Arfmann H, Timmis KN, Wittich R (1997) Mineralization of 4-chloro dibenzofuran by a consortium consisting of Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 and Burkholderia sp. strain JWS. Appl
Environ Microbiol 63:3458–3462
Armengaud J, Timmis KN, Wittich RM (1999) A functional 4-hydroxy salicylate/hydroxyquinol
degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in
Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. J Bacteriol 181:3452–3461
Bartels I, Knackmuss HJ, Reineke W (1984) Suicide inactivation of catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase from
Pseudomonas putida mt-2 by 3-Halocatechols. Appl Environ Microbiol 47:500–505
Batie CJ, Kamin H (1986) Association of ferredoxin-NADP + reductase with NADP(H) specificity
and oxidation-reduction properties. J Biol Chem 261:11214–11223
Batie CJ, Ballou DP, Correll CC (1992) Phthalate dioxygenase reductase and related flavin-ironsulfur containing electron transferases. In: Muller F (ed) Chemistry and biochemistry of
flavoenzymes, vol 3. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 543–556
Becher D, Specht M, Hammer E, Francke W, Schauer F (2000) Cometabolic degradation of
Dibenzofuran by biphenyl-cultivated Ralstonia sp. strain SBUG 290. Appl Environ Microbiol
6610:4528–4531
Beil WJ, Fureder W, Wiener H, Grosschmidt K, Maier U, Schedle A, Bankl HC, Lechner K, Valent
P (1998) Phenotypic and functional characterization of mast cells derived from renal tumor
tissues. Exp Hematol 26:158–169
Bunz PV, Cook AM (1993) Dibenzofuran 4,4a-Dioxygenase from Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1:
angular dioxygenation by a three component enzyme system. J Bacteriol 175:6467–6475
14 Metabolism of Dioxins and Dioxins-Like Compound, Its Regulation and. . .
305
operon is located upstream to dbfA1A2 cistron, the dioxin-catabolic genes were
dispersed on the genome. Contrary to this, FN-catabolic genes were gathered on
plasmids.
14.9 Conclusion
Growing evidence suggests that even at extremely lower dose, dioxins and dioxinslike compounds can be a potent carcinogen that interferes in endocrine system which
leads to major cause of concern. Its universal presence, exhibiting high lipid
solubility and lower water solubility causes bioaccumulation in fatty tissues and its
persistence in the environment results in slower elimination in animals and environment. Environmental clean-up of dioxins is extremely difficult partly because of its
planner structure, extremely hydrophobic nature, strong adsorption/absorption to the
soil resulting in limited bioavailability and pronounced recalcitrance to attack by
microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic). Therefore, in conlusion, the enrichment of
bacteria metabolizing - Dibenzofuran as a model compound with similar structure
and phyisico-chemical properties, could be very useful for systematic environmental
clean-up of dioxins.
References
Alcock RE, Jones KC (1996) Dioxins and furans in the environment: a review of trend data.
Environ Sci Technol 30:3133–3143
Ali F, Hu H, Xu P, Tang H (2017) Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FAHZ1, an efficient dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium. Genome Announc 5:e01634–e01616
Arfmann H, Timmis KN, Wittich R (1997) Mineralization of 4-chloro dibenzofuran by a consortium consisting of Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 and Burkholderia sp. strain JWS. Appl
Environ Microbiol 63:3458–3462
Armengaud J, Timmis KN, Wittich RM (1999) A functional 4-hydroxy salicylate/hydroxyquinol
degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in
Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. J Bacteriol 181:3452–3461
Bartels I, Knackmuss HJ, Reineke W (1984) Suicide inactivation of catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase from
Pseudomonas putida mt-2 by 3-Halocatechols. Appl Environ Microbiol 47:500–505
Batie CJ, Kamin H (1986) Association of ferredoxin-NADP + reductase with NADP(H) specificity
and oxidation-reduction properties. J Biol Chem 261:11214–11223
Batie CJ, Ballou DP, Correll CC (1992) Phthalate dioxygenase reductase and related flavin-ironsulfur containing electron transferases. In: Muller F (ed) Chemistry and biochemistry of
flavoenzymes, vol 3. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 543–556
Becher D, Specht M, Hammer E, Francke W, Schauer F (2000) Cometabolic degradation of
Dibenzofuran by biphenyl-cultivated Ralstonia sp. strain SBUG 290. Appl Environ Microbiol
6610:4528–4531
Beil WJ, Fureder W, Wiener H, Grosschmidt K, Maier U, Schedle A, Bankl HC, Lechner K, Valent
P (1998) Phenotypic and functional characterization of mast cells derived from renal tumor
tissues. Exp Hematol 26:158–169
Bunz PV, Cook AM (1993) Dibenzofuran 4,4a-Dioxygenase from Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1:
angular dioxygenation by a three component enzyme system. J Bacteriol 175:6467–6475
14 Metabolism of Dioxins and Dioxins-Like Compound, Its Regulation and. . .
305