Ghattas K, Fischer F, Wick A, Ternes TA (2017) Anaerobic biodegradation of (emerging) organic
contaminants in the aquatic environment. Water Res 116:268–295
Gros M, Petrović M, Ginebreda A, Barceló D (2010) Removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes. Environ Int 36:15–26
Gulkowska A, Leung HW, So MK, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Yeung LW, Richardson BJ, Lei AP,
Giesy JP, Lam PK (2008) Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by sewage treatment facilities
in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China. Water Res 42(1–2):395–403
Guo WQ, Zheng HS, Li S, Du JS, Feng XC, Yin RL, Wu QL, Ren NQ, Chang JS (2016) Removal
of cephalosporin antibiotics 7-ACA from wastewater during the cultivation of lipidaccumulating microalgae. Bioresour Technol 221:284–290
Hasan SA, Ferreira MIM, Koetsier MJ, Arif MI, Janssen DB (2011) Complete biodegradation of 4fluorocinnamic acid by a consortium comprising Arthrobacter sp. strain G1 and Ralstonia sp.
strain H1. Appl Environ Microbiol 77(2):572–579
Hata T, Kawai S, Okamura H, Nishida T (2010) Removal of diclofenac and mefenamic acid by the
white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and identification of their metabolites after
fungal transformation. Biodegradation 21(5):681–689
Heberer T (2002) Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicol Lett 131:5–17
Holliger C, Hahn D, Harmsen H, Ludwig W, Schumacher W, Tindall B, Vazquez F, Weiss N,
Zehnder AJB (1998) Dehalobacter restrictus gen. nov. and sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic
bacterium that reductively dechlorinates tetra- and trichloroethene in an anaerobic respiration.
Arch Microbiol 169:313–321
Hom-Diaz A, Llorca M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Vicent T, Barceló D, Blánquez P (2015) Microalgae
cultivation on wastewater digestate: β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol degradation and
transformation products identification. J Environ Manag 155:106–113
Homem V, Santos L (2011) Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous
matrices. J Environ Manag 92:2304–2347
Horvath RS (1972) Microbial co-metabolism and the degradation of organic compounds in nature.
Bact Rev 36(2):146
Hou J, Wan W, Mao D, Wang C, Mu Q, Qin S, Luo Y (2015) Occurrence and distribution of
sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, and nitrofurans in livestock manure and
amended soils of Northern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(6):4545–4554
Hu D, Coats JR (2007) Aerobic degradation and photolysis of tylosin in water and soil. Enviro
Toxicol Chem 26(5):884–889
Jelic A, Gros M, Ginebreda A, Cespedes-Sánchez R, Ventura F, Petrovic M, Barcelo D (2011)
Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during
wastewater treatment. Water Res 45:1165–1176
Ji Y, Mao G, Wang Y, Bartlam M (2013) Structural insights into diversity and n-alkane biodegradation mechanisms of alkane hydroxylases. Front Microbiol 4:58. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmicb.2013.00058
Jones OAH, Voulvoulis N, Lester JN (2005) Human pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment
processes. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 35:401–427
Jørgensen SE, Halling-Sørensen B (2000) Drugs in the environment. Chemosphere 40(7):691–699
Kassotaki E, Buttiglieri G, Ferrando-Climent L, Rodriguez-Roda I, Pijuan M (2016) Enhanced
sulfamethoxazole degradation through ammonia oxidizing bacteria co-metabolism and fate of
transformation products. Water Res 94:111–119
Kinney CA, Furlong ET, Werner SL, Cahill JD (2006) Presence and distribution of wastewaterderived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water. Environ Toxicol Chem 25
(2):317–326
Kostich MS, Batt AL, Lazorchak JM (2014) Concentrations of prioritized pharmaceuticals in
effluents from 50 large wastewater treatment plants in the US and implications for risk estimation. Enviro Pollut 184:354–359
13 Pharmaceuticals: An Emerging Problem of Environment and Its Removal. . .
287
contaminants in the aquatic environment. Water Res 116:268–295
Gros M, Petrović M, Ginebreda A, Barceló D (2010) Removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes. Environ Int 36:15–26
Gulkowska A, Leung HW, So MK, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Yeung LW, Richardson BJ, Lei AP,
Giesy JP, Lam PK (2008) Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by sewage treatment facilities
in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China. Water Res 42(1–2):395–403
Guo WQ, Zheng HS, Li S, Du JS, Feng XC, Yin RL, Wu QL, Ren NQ, Chang JS (2016) Removal
of cephalosporin antibiotics 7-ACA from wastewater during the cultivation of lipidaccumulating microalgae. Bioresour Technol 221:284–290
Hasan SA, Ferreira MIM, Koetsier MJ, Arif MI, Janssen DB (2011) Complete biodegradation of 4fluorocinnamic acid by a consortium comprising Arthrobacter sp. strain G1 and Ralstonia sp.
strain H1. Appl Environ Microbiol 77(2):572–579
Hata T, Kawai S, Okamura H, Nishida T (2010) Removal of diclofenac and mefenamic acid by the
white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and identification of their metabolites after
fungal transformation. Biodegradation 21(5):681–689
Heberer T (2002) Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicol Lett 131:5–17
Holliger C, Hahn D, Harmsen H, Ludwig W, Schumacher W, Tindall B, Vazquez F, Weiss N,
Zehnder AJB (1998) Dehalobacter restrictus gen. nov. and sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic
bacterium that reductively dechlorinates tetra- and trichloroethene in an anaerobic respiration.
Arch Microbiol 169:313–321
Hom-Diaz A, Llorca M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Vicent T, Barceló D, Blánquez P (2015) Microalgae
cultivation on wastewater digestate: β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol degradation and
transformation products identification. J Environ Manag 155:106–113
Homem V, Santos L (2011) Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous
matrices. J Environ Manag 92:2304–2347
Horvath RS (1972) Microbial co-metabolism and the degradation of organic compounds in nature.
Bact Rev 36(2):146
Hou J, Wan W, Mao D, Wang C, Mu Q, Qin S, Luo Y (2015) Occurrence and distribution of
sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, and nitrofurans in livestock manure and
amended soils of Northern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(6):4545–4554
Hu D, Coats JR (2007) Aerobic degradation and photolysis of tylosin in water and soil. Enviro
Toxicol Chem 26(5):884–889
Jelic A, Gros M, Ginebreda A, Cespedes-Sánchez R, Ventura F, Petrovic M, Barcelo D (2011)
Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during
wastewater treatment. Water Res 45:1165–1176
Ji Y, Mao G, Wang Y, Bartlam M (2013) Structural insights into diversity and n-alkane biodegradation mechanisms of alkane hydroxylases. Front Microbiol 4:58. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmicb.2013.00058
Jones OAH, Voulvoulis N, Lester JN (2005) Human pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment
processes. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 35:401–427
Jørgensen SE, Halling-Sørensen B (2000) Drugs in the environment. Chemosphere 40(7):691–699
Kassotaki E, Buttiglieri G, Ferrando-Climent L, Rodriguez-Roda I, Pijuan M (2016) Enhanced
sulfamethoxazole degradation through ammonia oxidizing bacteria co-metabolism and fate of
transformation products. Water Res 94:111–119
Kinney CA, Furlong ET, Werner SL, Cahill JD (2006) Presence and distribution of wastewaterderived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water. Environ Toxicol Chem 25
(2):317–326
Kostich MS, Batt AL, Lazorchak JM (2014) Concentrations of prioritized pharmaceuticals in
effluents from 50 large wastewater treatment plants in the US and implications for risk estimation. Enviro Pollut 184:354–359
13 Pharmaceuticals: An Emerging Problem of Environment and Its Removal. . .
287