Development of Modern Tools
for Environmental Monitoring of Pathogens
and Toxicant
9
Shalini Purwar and Shaili Srivastava
Abstract
Environmental monitoring is required to protect our surrounding from contamination, especially bacteria, virus, and parasitic pathogens & their toxins as well as
chemical substances that can be released into a air, soil, and water create serious
public health concerns. Presently, traditional methods more popular for the
detection of pathogens and its toxins, but they have several limitations due to
low concentrations and interference with various enzymatic inhibitors in the
environmental samples. This chapter describes the current state of modern
tools, the advantages over conventional detection methods, and the challenges
due to testing of environmental samples. Future trends in the development of
novel detection devices and their importance, use over other environmental
monitoring methodologies are also discussed.
9.1
Introduction
For the past few decades, environmental security has become one of the global
challenges. Several emerging pollutants (both biological and chemical) from various
sources are distributed over environmental matrices. Globally, the problems caused
by biological pollutants especially bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens and their
toxins are likely to be aggravated and pose serious public health concerns. Conventional culture methods of detecting microorganisms in pollutants are based on the
integration of the sample into a suitable enriched medium on which the
microorganisms can grow multiply and render visual confirmation. These
S. Purwar (*)
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India
S. Srivastava
Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram,
Haryana, India
# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
A. Singh et al. (eds.), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7493-1_9
185
for Environmental Monitoring of Pathogens
and Toxicant
9
Shalini Purwar and Shaili Srivastava
Abstract
Environmental monitoring is required to protect our surrounding from contamination, especially bacteria, virus, and parasitic pathogens & their toxins as well as
chemical substances that can be released into a air, soil, and water create serious
public health concerns. Presently, traditional methods more popular for the
detection of pathogens and its toxins, but they have several limitations due to
low concentrations and interference with various enzymatic inhibitors in the
environmental samples. This chapter describes the current state of modern
tools, the advantages over conventional detection methods, and the challenges
due to testing of environmental samples. Future trends in the development of
novel detection devices and their importance, use over other environmental
monitoring methodologies are also discussed.
9.1
Introduction
For the past few decades, environmental security has become one of the global
challenges. Several emerging pollutants (both biological and chemical) from various
sources are distributed over environmental matrices. Globally, the problems caused
by biological pollutants especially bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens and their
toxins are likely to be aggravated and pose serious public health concerns. Conventional culture methods of detecting microorganisms in pollutants are based on the
integration of the sample into a suitable enriched medium on which the
microorganisms can grow multiply and render visual confirmation. These
S. Purwar (*)
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India
S. Srivastava
Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram,
Haryana, India
# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
A. Singh et al. (eds.), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7493-1_9
185