6.9
Future Trends
Biotechnological intervention in oil industries is developed from the last three
decades. Innovative biotechnology may offer a new way to reduce emission
pathways in unconventional oil resources. New policies are aimed to maximize
recovery from conventional and unconventional oil reserves. Production of fossil
fuels from unconventional reserves is more expensive than conventional reserves.
Therefore, there is a clear scope of less energy driven microbial process for
recovering energy from these resources. Miscible flooding approaches can be applicable for heavy oil reserves (Shah et al. 2010). In situ catalytic upgrading of oil
through Ni-, Co-, Mo-, and Pd-based catalyst is yet another purposed technique.
Microbial deposited Pd nanoparticle has benefited over the physically prepared
nanoparticles with respective to its application in in situ catalytic upgradation and
oil recovery (Hart et al. 2016; Head and Gray 2016). Other than these possible
intervention, enhanced energy recovery from residual oil, where secondary and
tertiary recovery processes were no longer economical, is proposed. In this,
methanogenic consortia convert alkanes to methane. This approach reduces the
CO 2 emission (compared to oil and gas).
References
Abu Laban N, Selesi D, Jobelius C et al (2009) Anaerobic benzene degradation by gram-positive
sulfate-reducing bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 68(3):300–311
Alkhalili BE, Yahya A, Abrahim N et al (2017) Biodesulfurization of sour crude oil. Mod Appl Sci
11(9):104–113
Anderson RT, Lovley DR (2000) Anaerobic bioremediation of benzene under sulfate-reducing
conditions in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer. Environ Sci Technol 34(11):2261–2266
Annweiler E, Materna A, Safinowski M et al (2000) Anaerobic degradation of 2-methylnaphthalene
by a sulfate-reducing enrichment culture. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(12):5329–5333
Armstrong RT, Wildenschild D (2012) Investigating the pore-scale mechanisms of microbial
enhanced oil recovery. J Pet Sci Eng 94:155–164
Arthur JD, Layne M (2008) Hydraulic fracturing considerations for natural gas wells of the
Marcellus shale. In: the ground water protection council, AnnualForum
Bastin ES, Greer FE, Merritt CA et al (1926) The presence of sulphate reducing bacteria in oil field
waters. Science 63(1618):21–24
Bernardez LA, De Andrade Lima LRP (2015) Improved method for enumerating sulfate-reducing
bacteria using optical density. Methods 2:249–255
Bødtker G, Thorstenson T, Lillebø BLP, Thorbjørnsen BE et al (2008) The effect of long-term
nitrate treatment on SRB activity, corrosion rate and bacterial community composition in
offshore water injection systems. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35(12):1625–1636
Bridge TA, Johnson DB (1998) Reduction of soluble iron and reductive dissolution of ferric ironcontaining minerals by moderately thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria. Appl Environ
Microbiol 64(6):2181–2186
Dinning AJ, Oliphant D, Vik EA et al (2005) Initial souring monitoring and souring-mitigation
testing using an online souring-mitigation cabinet (SMC) prior to live produced water reinjection (PWRI) and nitrate-based souring-mitigation treatment on Norske Shell’s Draugen platform. In: SPE international symposium on oilfield chemistry, Society of Petroleum Engineers
130
G. Prajapat et al.
Future Trends
Biotechnological intervention in oil industries is developed from the last three
decades. Innovative biotechnology may offer a new way to reduce emission
pathways in unconventional oil resources. New policies are aimed to maximize
recovery from conventional and unconventional oil reserves. Production of fossil
fuels from unconventional reserves is more expensive than conventional reserves.
Therefore, there is a clear scope of less energy driven microbial process for
recovering energy from these resources. Miscible flooding approaches can be applicable for heavy oil reserves (Shah et al. 2010). In situ catalytic upgrading of oil
through Ni-, Co-, Mo-, and Pd-based catalyst is yet another purposed technique.
Microbial deposited Pd nanoparticle has benefited over the physically prepared
nanoparticles with respective to its application in in situ catalytic upgradation and
oil recovery (Hart et al. 2016; Head and Gray 2016). Other than these possible
intervention, enhanced energy recovery from residual oil, where secondary and
tertiary recovery processes were no longer economical, is proposed. In this,
methanogenic consortia convert alkanes to methane. This approach reduces the
CO 2 emission (compared to oil and gas).
References
Abu Laban N, Selesi D, Jobelius C et al (2009) Anaerobic benzene degradation by gram-positive
sulfate-reducing bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 68(3):300–311
Alkhalili BE, Yahya A, Abrahim N et al (2017) Biodesulfurization of sour crude oil. Mod Appl Sci
11(9):104–113
Anderson RT, Lovley DR (2000) Anaerobic bioremediation of benzene under sulfate-reducing
conditions in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer. Environ Sci Technol 34(11):2261–2266
Annweiler E, Materna A, Safinowski M et al (2000) Anaerobic degradation of 2-methylnaphthalene
by a sulfate-reducing enrichment culture. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(12):5329–5333
Armstrong RT, Wildenschild D (2012) Investigating the pore-scale mechanisms of microbial
enhanced oil recovery. J Pet Sci Eng 94:155–164
Arthur JD, Layne M (2008) Hydraulic fracturing considerations for natural gas wells of the
Marcellus shale. In: the ground water protection council, AnnualForum
Bastin ES, Greer FE, Merritt CA et al (1926) The presence of sulphate reducing bacteria in oil field
waters. Science 63(1618):21–24
Bernardez LA, De Andrade Lima LRP (2015) Improved method for enumerating sulfate-reducing
bacteria using optical density. Methods 2:249–255
Bødtker G, Thorstenson T, Lillebø BLP, Thorbjørnsen BE et al (2008) The effect of long-term
nitrate treatment on SRB activity, corrosion rate and bacterial community composition in
offshore water injection systems. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35(12):1625–1636
Bridge TA, Johnson DB (1998) Reduction of soluble iron and reductive dissolution of ferric ironcontaining minerals by moderately thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria. Appl Environ
Microbiol 64(6):2181–2186
Dinning AJ, Oliphant D, Vik EA et al (2005) Initial souring monitoring and souring-mitigation
testing using an online souring-mitigation cabinet (SMC) prior to live produced water reinjection (PWRI) and nitrate-based souring-mitigation treatment on Norske Shell’s Draugen platform. In: SPE international symposium on oilfield chemistry, Society of Petroleum Engineers
130
G. Prajapat et al.