266
Energy and climate sustainability (Cont)
metallurgy, 212
plastics, 211
portland cement, 212
roads, 212
society, 212
technological civilization, 213
technological societies, 211
transportation, 213
vehicles, 219–221
Energy crisis
American dependence, 20
atomic weapons, 68
automobiles, 68
cars proliferation, 68
demand and supply, 66
drivers, 66
effects, 66
electrical power plants, 69
gasoline price, 68
gasoline shortages, 66, 67
government policy, 69
housing stock, 67
inter-relationships, 69
oil embargo, 67
oil shortages, 67, 69
OPEC embargo, 69
population and economic expansions, 68
resources inter-dependence, 69
suburbs, 68
transportation infrastructure, 68
unscrupulous agents, 67
watershed decade, 69
WWII military veterans, 67
Energy Information Administration (EIA), 178
Energy resources, 203
Energy technology, 204
Energy transitions, 176, 222, 225
Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), 227,
240–242, 248, 250
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), 132
Environmental compliance reports, 96
Environmental damages, 187, 197
Environmental monitoring, risk sources, 142
Environmental professionals, 187
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 6
Ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), 80
Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), 233, 234
Explosives, 17
Exposed populations, 137, 142, 143
Exposure monitoring methods, 143
Externalized costs, 249
climate change, 211
electricity, 211
energy, 211
energy production, 211
fossil fuel, 208–211
fracking, 210
human health problems, 209
humanity, 211
MTR, 209, 210
new energy technologies, 209
nuclear electricity, 211
remediation, 209
renewable energy resources, 211
sources of energy, 210
state and federal governments, 209
surface coal mines, 209
Exxon acquired Mobil Oil Corporation, 55
Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon, 3
ExxonMobil, 55
F
Farris’ hydraulic fractures, 18
Fayetteville Shale, 76
Field data, 197
First Exploitation Company, 56
Fischer-Tropsch (FT), 71
Flambeau, 49
Flaming faucet, 2
Flaring, 31
Flaring intensity, 130
Flat hydraulic fracture, 23
Flow meter, 28
Flowback
discontinuous phases, 30
frack fluids, 31
fresh water, 114
recycling, 144
regulatory meaning, 31
returned fresh water, 31
TDS, 31
Flue gas desulfurization, 222
Formaldehyde, 195
Fossil electricity, 218
Fossil energy sustainability, 207
Fossil fuels, 1, 11
cheap prices, 176
China, 181
and climate change, 155
CO 2 emissions, 182, 183
CO 2 gas, 183
CO 2 levels, 155
coal companies, 176
combustion products, 155
Index
Energy and climate sustainability (Cont)
metallurgy, 212
plastics, 211
portland cement, 212
roads, 212
society, 212
technological civilization, 213
technological societies, 211
transportation, 213
vehicles, 219–221
Energy crisis
American dependence, 20
atomic weapons, 68
automobiles, 68
cars proliferation, 68
demand and supply, 66
drivers, 66
effects, 66
electrical power plants, 69
gasoline price, 68
gasoline shortages, 66, 67
government policy, 69
housing stock, 67
inter-relationships, 69
oil embargo, 67
oil shortages, 67, 69
OPEC embargo, 69
population and economic expansions, 68
resources inter-dependence, 69
suburbs, 68
transportation infrastructure, 68
unscrupulous agents, 67
watershed decade, 69
WWII military veterans, 67
Energy Information Administration (EIA), 178
Energy resources, 203
Energy technology, 204
Energy transitions, 176, 222, 225
Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), 227,
240–242, 248, 250
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), 132
Environmental compliance reports, 96
Environmental damages, 187, 197
Environmental monitoring, risk sources, 142
Environmental professionals, 187
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 6
Ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), 80
Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), 233, 234
Explosives, 17
Exposed populations, 137, 142, 143
Exposure monitoring methods, 143
Externalized costs, 249
climate change, 211
electricity, 211
energy, 211
energy production, 211
fossil fuel, 208–211
fracking, 210
human health problems, 209
humanity, 211
MTR, 209, 210
new energy technologies, 209
nuclear electricity, 211
remediation, 209
renewable energy resources, 211
sources of energy, 210
state and federal governments, 209
surface coal mines, 209
Exxon acquired Mobil Oil Corporation, 55
Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon, 3
ExxonMobil, 55
F
Farris’ hydraulic fractures, 18
Fayetteville Shale, 76
Field data, 197
First Exploitation Company, 56
Fischer-Tropsch (FT), 71
Flambeau, 49
Flaming faucet, 2
Flaring, 31
Flaring intensity, 130
Flat hydraulic fracture, 23
Flow meter, 28
Flowback
discontinuous phases, 30
frack fluids, 31
fresh water, 114
recycling, 144
regulatory meaning, 31
returned fresh water, 31
TDS, 31
Flue gas desulfurization, 222
Formaldehyde, 195
Fossil electricity, 218
Fossil energy sustainability, 207
Fossil fuels, 1, 11
cheap prices, 176
China, 181
and climate change, 155
CO 2 emissions, 182, 183
CO 2 gas, 183
CO 2 levels, 155
coal companies, 176
combustion products, 155
Index