224
are economically viable on their own. However, with a steady source of funding
from a carbon tax, many or all could be implemented, gradually lowering atmospheric CO 2 levels back to more historic values.
References
Han, S.-J., Yoo, M., Kim, D.-W., & Wee, J.-H. (2011). Carbon dioxide capture using calcium
hydroxide aqueous solution as the absorbent. Energy & Fuels, 25(8), 3825–3834.
Hubbert, M. K. (1956). Nuclear energy and the fossil fuels. API Drilling and Production Practice,
95, 1–57.
Kramer, D. (2018). Can carbon capture from air shift the climate change equation? Physics Today,
71(9), 26–29.
Levine, J. S., Fukai, I., Soeder, D. J., Bromhal, G., Dilmore, R., Guthrie, G., Rodosta, T., Sanguinito,
S., Frailey, S., Gorecki, C., Peck, W., & Goodman, A. (2016, August). U.S. DOE NETL methodology for estimating the prospective CO 2 storage resource of shales at the national and
regional scale. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 51, 81–94.
Marris, E. (2020). Stop freaking out about the climate. New York Times, January 12, 2020, Section
SR, p. 7 of the New York edition.
Matter, J. M., Stute, M., Snæbjörnsdottir, S. Ó., Oelkers, E. H., Gislason, S. R., Aradottir, E. S.,
Sigfusson, B., Gunnarsson, I., Sigurdardottir, H., Gunnlaugsson, E., Axelsson, G., Alfredsson,
H. A., Wolff-Boenisch, D., Mesfin, K., & Fernandez de la Reguera Taya, D., Hall, J., Dideriksen,
K., and Broecker, W.S. (2016). Rapid carbon mineralization for permanent disposal of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Science, 352(6291), 1312–1314.
Slav, I. (2019). The two countries dictating oil prices in 2020. Oilprice.com, December 15,
2019.
https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/The-Two-Countries-Dictating-OilPrices-In-2020.html. Accessed 16 Dec, 2019.
Soeder, D. J. (2017). Unconventional: The development of natural gas from the Marcellus shale
(GSA special paper 527). Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America Books. 143 p.
Soeder, D. J., & Borglum, S. J. (2019). The fossil fuel revolution: Shale gas and tight oil.
Amsterdam: Elsevier. 354 p. (ISBN: 9780128153970).
Songolzadeh, M., Soleimani, M., Takht Ravanchi, M., & Songolzadeh, R. (2014). Carbon dioxide separation from flue gases: A technological review emphasizing reduction in greenhouse
gas emissions. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, article ID 828131., 34 p. https://doi.
org/10.1155/2014/828131.
Stolaroff, J. K., Keith, D. W., & Lowry, G. V. (2008). Carbon dioxide capture from atmospheric
air using sodium hydroxide spray. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(8), 2728–2735.
U.S. Supreme Court. (2008). Exxon Shipping Company, et al., Petitioners V. Grant Baker et al.:
554 U.S., No. 07–219, 42 p. plus dissents.
USDOE (U.S. Department of Energy). (2012). The United States carbon utilization and storage
atlas (4th ed.). Washington, DC: DOE Office of Fossil Energy. 129 p.
USEIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration). (2018). Levelized cost and Levelized avoided
cost of new generation resources, Annual Energy Outlook, 20 p.
Watson, T., & Bachu, S. (2009). Evaluation of the potential for gas and CO 2 leakage along wellbores. SPE Drilling & Completion, 24(1), 115–126. (SPE 106817).
Yoo, M., Han, S.-J., & Wee, J.-H. (2013). Carbon dioxide capture capacity of sodium hydroxide
aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Management, 114, 512–519.
11 Balancing Energy, Environment, and Economics
are economically viable on their own. However, with a steady source of funding
from a carbon tax, many or all could be implemented, gradually lowering atmospheric CO 2 levels back to more historic values.
References
Han, S.-J., Yoo, M., Kim, D.-W., & Wee, J.-H. (2011). Carbon dioxide capture using calcium
hydroxide aqueous solution as the absorbent. Energy & Fuels, 25(8), 3825–3834.
Hubbert, M. K. (1956). Nuclear energy and the fossil fuels. API Drilling and Production Practice,
95, 1–57.
Kramer, D. (2018). Can carbon capture from air shift the climate change equation? Physics Today,
71(9), 26–29.
Levine, J. S., Fukai, I., Soeder, D. J., Bromhal, G., Dilmore, R., Guthrie, G., Rodosta, T., Sanguinito,
S., Frailey, S., Gorecki, C., Peck, W., & Goodman, A. (2016, August). U.S. DOE NETL methodology for estimating the prospective CO 2 storage resource of shales at the national and
regional scale. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 51, 81–94.
Marris, E. (2020). Stop freaking out about the climate. New York Times, January 12, 2020, Section
SR, p. 7 of the New York edition.
Matter, J. M., Stute, M., Snæbjörnsdottir, S. Ó., Oelkers, E. H., Gislason, S. R., Aradottir, E. S.,
Sigfusson, B., Gunnarsson, I., Sigurdardottir, H., Gunnlaugsson, E., Axelsson, G., Alfredsson,
H. A., Wolff-Boenisch, D., Mesfin, K., & Fernandez de la Reguera Taya, D., Hall, J., Dideriksen,
K., and Broecker, W.S. (2016). Rapid carbon mineralization for permanent disposal of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Science, 352(6291), 1312–1314.
Slav, I. (2019). The two countries dictating oil prices in 2020. Oilprice.com, December 15,
2019.
https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/The-Two-Countries-Dictating-OilPrices-In-2020.html. Accessed 16 Dec, 2019.
Soeder, D. J. (2017). Unconventional: The development of natural gas from the Marcellus shale
(GSA special paper 527). Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America Books. 143 p.
Soeder, D. J., & Borglum, S. J. (2019). The fossil fuel revolution: Shale gas and tight oil.
Amsterdam: Elsevier. 354 p. (ISBN: 9780128153970).
Songolzadeh, M., Soleimani, M., Takht Ravanchi, M., & Songolzadeh, R. (2014). Carbon dioxide separation from flue gases: A technological review emphasizing reduction in greenhouse
gas emissions. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, article ID 828131., 34 p. https://doi.
org/10.1155/2014/828131.
Stolaroff, J. K., Keith, D. W., & Lowry, G. V. (2008). Carbon dioxide capture from atmospheric
air using sodium hydroxide spray. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(8), 2728–2735.
U.S. Supreme Court. (2008). Exxon Shipping Company, et al., Petitioners V. Grant Baker et al.:
554 U.S., No. 07–219, 42 p. plus dissents.
USDOE (U.S. Department of Energy). (2012). The United States carbon utilization and storage
atlas (4th ed.). Washington, DC: DOE Office of Fossil Energy. 129 p.
USEIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration). (2018). Levelized cost and Levelized avoided
cost of new generation resources, Annual Energy Outlook, 20 p.
Watson, T., & Bachu, S. (2009). Evaluation of the potential for gas and CO 2 leakage along wellbores. SPE Drilling & Completion, 24(1), 115–126. (SPE 106817).
Yoo, M., Han, S.-J., & Wee, J.-H. (2013). Carbon dioxide capture capacity of sodium hydroxide
aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Management, 114, 512–519.
11 Balancing Energy, Environment, and Economics