200
(Benge et al. 2018). Standards are also available for groundwater protection, waste
management, emissions reduction, site planning, and worker training.
Recommendations have been published by the Society of Petroleum Engineers
(SPE) for improved production practices, enhanced environmental stewardship,
expansion of non-combustion uses for crude oil, and greater social acceptance of
O&G operations.
Requiring industry to follow uniform standards enforced by the permitting agencies will minimize environmental impacts from fracking and improve sustainability.
As for complaints from the industry that they are over-regulated, companies operating in a responsible manner will already be meeting most of these requirements.
Those who are not need more regulating.
References
Benge G., Miller, D., Miller, S., & Goodman, R. (2018). New API standards for shale development: Paper SPE-189897-MS. In SPE Hydraulic fracturing technology conference and exhibition, 23–25 January, The Woodlands, Texas, USA; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 6 p, https://
doi.org/10.2118/189897-MS.
Brantley, S. L., Vidic, R. D., Brasier, K., Yoxtheimer, D., Pollak, J., Wilderman, C., & Wen,
T. (2018). Engaging over data on fracking and water quality. Science, 359(6374), 395–397.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6520.
Brown, D. (2020, March). Lawmakers, candidates propose nationwide ban on hydraulic fracturing. AAPG Explorer, 41(3), 6.
Campin, D. (2016). Is there scientific evidence to support the selection of hydraulic fracturing
rules? SPE-179353-MS, presented at the SPE international conference and exhibition on
health, safety, security, environment and social responsibility in Stavanger, Norway, 11–13
April 2016.
Cluff, M., Hartsock, A., Macrae, J., Carter, K., & Mouser, P. J. (2014). Temporal changes in microbial ecology and geochemistry in produced water from hydraulically fractured Marcellus shale
gas wells. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 6508–6517.
Considine, T. J., Watson, R. W., & Considine, N. B. (2011). The economic opportunities of shale
energy development (Energy policy & the environment report no. 9). New York: Manhattan
Institute for Policy Research, Inc., Center for Energy Policy and the Environment. 36 p.
Council of Canadian Academies. (2014). Environmental impacts of shale gas extraction in
Canada: Expert panel on harnessing science and technology to understand the environmental
impacts of shale gas extraction. Ottawa, ON: Council of Canadian Academies/Conseil des
Academies Canadiennes. 262 p.
Exon, J. H. (2006). A review of the toxicology of acrylamide. Journal of Toxicology and
Environmental Health: Part B Critical Reviews, 9(5), 397–412.
Jackson, R. E., Gorody, A. W., Mayer, B., Roy, J. W., Ryan, M. C., & Van Stempvoort, D. R. (2013).
Groundwater protection and unconventional gas extraction: The critical need for field-based
hydrogeological research. Groundwater, 51(4), 488–510.
Kahrilas, G. A., Blotevogel, J., Stewart, P. S., & Borch, T. (2015). Biocides in hydraulic fracturing fluids: A critical review of their usage, mobility, degradation, and toxicity. Environmental
Science & Technology, 49(1), 16–32.
Kahrilas, G. A., Blotevogel, J., Corrin, E. R., & Borch, T. (2016). Downhole transformation of
the hydraulic fracturing fluid biocide glutaraldehyde: Implications for flowback and produced
water quality. Environmental Science & Technology, 50, 11414–11423.
10 Mitigation and Remediation
(Benge et al. 2018). Standards are also available for groundwater protection, waste
management, emissions reduction, site planning, and worker training.
Recommendations have been published by the Society of Petroleum Engineers
(SPE) for improved production practices, enhanced environmental stewardship,
expansion of non-combustion uses for crude oil, and greater social acceptance of
O&G operations.
Requiring industry to follow uniform standards enforced by the permitting agencies will minimize environmental impacts from fracking and improve sustainability.
As for complaints from the industry that they are over-regulated, companies operating in a responsible manner will already be meeting most of these requirements.
Those who are not need more regulating.
References
Benge G., Miller, D., Miller, S., & Goodman, R. (2018). New API standards for shale development: Paper SPE-189897-MS. In SPE Hydraulic fracturing technology conference and exhibition, 23–25 January, The Woodlands, Texas, USA; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 6 p, https://
doi.org/10.2118/189897-MS.
Brantley, S. L., Vidic, R. D., Brasier, K., Yoxtheimer, D., Pollak, J., Wilderman, C., & Wen,
T. (2018). Engaging over data on fracking and water quality. Science, 359(6374), 395–397.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6520.
Brown, D. (2020, March). Lawmakers, candidates propose nationwide ban on hydraulic fracturing. AAPG Explorer, 41(3), 6.
Campin, D. (2016). Is there scientific evidence to support the selection of hydraulic fracturing
rules? SPE-179353-MS, presented at the SPE international conference and exhibition on
health, safety, security, environment and social responsibility in Stavanger, Norway, 11–13
April 2016.
Cluff, M., Hartsock, A., Macrae, J., Carter, K., & Mouser, P. J. (2014). Temporal changes in microbial ecology and geochemistry in produced water from hydraulically fractured Marcellus shale
gas wells. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 6508–6517.
Considine, T. J., Watson, R. W., & Considine, N. B. (2011). The economic opportunities of shale
energy development (Energy policy & the environment report no. 9). New York: Manhattan
Institute for Policy Research, Inc., Center for Energy Policy and the Environment. 36 p.
Council of Canadian Academies. (2014). Environmental impacts of shale gas extraction in
Canada: Expert panel on harnessing science and technology to understand the environmental
impacts of shale gas extraction. Ottawa, ON: Council of Canadian Academies/Conseil des
Academies Canadiennes. 262 p.
Exon, J. H. (2006). A review of the toxicology of acrylamide. Journal of Toxicology and
Environmental Health: Part B Critical Reviews, 9(5), 397–412.
Jackson, R. E., Gorody, A. W., Mayer, B., Roy, J. W., Ryan, M. C., & Van Stempvoort, D. R. (2013).
Groundwater protection and unconventional gas extraction: The critical need for field-based
hydrogeological research. Groundwater, 51(4), 488–510.
Kahrilas, G. A., Blotevogel, J., Stewart, P. S., & Borch, T. (2015). Biocides in hydraulic fracturing fluids: A critical review of their usage, mobility, degradation, and toxicity. Environmental
Science & Technology, 49(1), 16–32.
Kahrilas, G. A., Blotevogel, J., Corrin, E. R., & Borch, T. (2016). Downhole transformation of
the hydraulic fracturing fluid biocide glutaraldehyde: Implications for flowback and produced
water quality. Environmental Science & Technology, 50, 11414–11423.
10 Mitigation and Remediation