120
USDOE. (2015). Report on the multiagency collaboration on unconventional oil and gas research,
USDOE Office of Fossil Energy, Report to Congress on behalf of the Multiagency Collaboration
(MAC), December 2015, 24 p.
USEPA. (2016). Hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas: Impacts from the hydraulic fracturing water
cycle on drinking water resources in the United States (Final Report): EPA/600/R-16/236F,
Washington, DC, 664 p.
Vengosh, A., Jackson, R. B., Warner, N., Darrah, T. H., & Kondash, A. (2014). A critical review of
the risks to water resources from unconventional shale gas development and hydraulic fracturing in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 8334–8348.
Vidic, R. D., Brantley, S. L., Vandenbossche, J. M., Yoxtheimer, D., & Abad, J. D. (2013). Impact
of shale gas development on regional water quality. Science, 340, 826 (1235009).
Vikram, A., Lipus, D., & Bibby, K. (2014). Produced water exposure alters bacterial response to
biocides. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(21), 13001–13009.
Warner, N. R., Jackson, R. B., Darrah, T. H., Osborn, S. G., Down, A., Zhao, K., White, A., &
Vengosh, A. (2012). Geochemical evidence for possible natural migration of Marcellus formation brine to shallow aquifers in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, (PNAS), 109(30), 11961–11966.
Wilson, J. M., & VanBriesen, J. M. (2012). Oil and gas produced water management and surface
drinking water sources in Pennsylvania. Environmental Practice, 14, (4), 288–300. https://doi.
org/10.1017/S1466046612000427.
Woda, J., Wen, B., Oakley, D., Yoxtheimer, D., Engelder, T., Castro, M. C., & Brantley, S. L. (2018).
Detecting and explaining why aquifers occasionally become degraded near hydraulically fractured shale gas wells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(49), 12349–12358.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809013115.
Yan, B., Stute, M., Panettieri, R. A., Jr., Ross, J., Mailloux, B., Neidell, M. J., Soares, L., Howarth,
M., Liu, X., Saberi, P., & Chillrud, S. N. (2017). Association of groundwater constituents with
topography and distance to unconventional gas wells in NE Pennsylvania. Science of the Total
Environment, 577, 195–201.
Zhang, L., & Soeder, D. J. (2016). Modeling of methane migration in shallow aquifers from shale
gas well drilling. Groundwater, 54(3), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12361.
6 Fracking and Water
USDOE. (2015). Report on the multiagency collaboration on unconventional oil and gas research,
USDOE Office of Fossil Energy, Report to Congress on behalf of the Multiagency Collaboration
(MAC), December 2015, 24 p.
USEPA. (2016). Hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas: Impacts from the hydraulic fracturing water
cycle on drinking water resources in the United States (Final Report): EPA/600/R-16/236F,
Washington, DC, 664 p.
Vengosh, A., Jackson, R. B., Warner, N., Darrah, T. H., & Kondash, A. (2014). A critical review of
the risks to water resources from unconventional shale gas development and hydraulic fracturing in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 8334–8348.
Vidic, R. D., Brantley, S. L., Vandenbossche, J. M., Yoxtheimer, D., & Abad, J. D. (2013). Impact
of shale gas development on regional water quality. Science, 340, 826 (1235009).
Vikram, A., Lipus, D., & Bibby, K. (2014). Produced water exposure alters bacterial response to
biocides. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(21), 13001–13009.
Warner, N. R., Jackson, R. B., Darrah, T. H., Osborn, S. G., Down, A., Zhao, K., White, A., &
Vengosh, A. (2012). Geochemical evidence for possible natural migration of Marcellus formation brine to shallow aquifers in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, (PNAS), 109(30), 11961–11966.
Wilson, J. M., & VanBriesen, J. M. (2012). Oil and gas produced water management and surface
drinking water sources in Pennsylvania. Environmental Practice, 14, (4), 288–300. https://doi.
org/10.1017/S1466046612000427.
Woda, J., Wen, B., Oakley, D., Yoxtheimer, D., Engelder, T., Castro, M. C., & Brantley, S. L. (2018).
Detecting and explaining why aquifers occasionally become degraded near hydraulically fractured shale gas wells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(49), 12349–12358.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809013115.
Yan, B., Stute, M., Panettieri, R. A., Jr., Ross, J., Mailloux, B., Neidell, M. J., Soares, L., Howarth,
M., Liu, X., Saberi, P., & Chillrud, S. N. (2017). Association of groundwater constituents with
topography and distance to unconventional gas wells in NE Pennsylvania. Science of the Total
Environment, 577, 195–201.
Zhang, L., & Soeder, D. J. (2016). Modeling of methane migration in shallow aquifers from shale
gas well drilling. Groundwater, 54(3), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12361.
6 Fracking and Water